Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a non-invasive, bedside monitoring technique that provides continuous, real-time information about the regional distribution of the ventilation.

There are very few data in children admitted to the PICU (pediatric intensive care unit) and the aim of the study is to describe the distribution of the ventilation in children with acute respiratory failure and to study the impact of the interventions in the PICU (change in ventilatory settings, change in position, suction, respiratory kinesiotherapy,…)

Children with acute respiratory failure admitted to the PICU (pediatric intensive care unit)

Inclusion Criteria:

Groupe A

• children < 18 years
• Admitted to the PICU with acute respiratory failure
• Monitoring with EIT
• non opposition of parents or legal representative Groupe B
• children < 18 years
• With general anesthesia and mechanical ventilation
• Monitoring with EIT
• non opposition of parents or legal representative

Exclusion Criteria:

• Monitor not available
• contra indication to the use of thoracic belt
• Intraoperative period with use of electrocautery
• Child not affiliated to a social security system and under protective measures legal

250 Childrens group A: Patient < 18 years old admitted to a continuous monitoring unit - resuscitation for acute respiratory failure regardless of the ventilation modality and benefiting from TIE monitoring Group B (reference): Patient under general anesthesia with mechanical ventilation without respiratory pathology.