The proposed study aims to:

1. Explore the cognitive protective effects of SGLT2 inhibitors and DPP-4 inhibitors in patients attending diabetic clinics in Alexandria
2. Examine the possible relationship of such effects with the systemic inflammatory and metabolic status in these patients
3. Undertake a network analysis to elucidate the potential pathways linking the observed protective effects, if any, with the observed changes in inflammatory or metabolic parameters

The investigators propose to profile diabetic patients taking SGLT2 inhibitors and DPP-4 inhibitors using different parameters and compare them to others on more traditional anti-diabetic therapy. Regression and comparative statistics will be used to determine whether the targeted drug classes offer a benefit in terms of cognitive function. If a trend (or correlation) is determined, a bioinformatic approach will be adopted to perform a network analysis including the targets of these drug classes and pathways showing in datasets of the inflammatory or metabolic parameters altered by the drug. This network analysis is intended to provide further mechanistic insight into the pathways involved in the observed drug action.

The patients targeted will be divided into the following groups:

1. Diabetic patients treated with metformin and DPP-4 inhibitors and/or SGLT2 inhibitors
2. Diabetic patients treated with metformin only

This will be in addition to a group of healthy non-diabetic controls to serve as a baseline reference.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Type 2 Diabetic Patients
• Age (≥50 Years)
• Ability to understand and cooperate with study procedures

Exclusion Criteria:

• Diagnosed dementia
• Use of possible or known cognition impairing drugs in the last three months

Diabetic patients receiving care in diabetes ambulatory clinics in Alexandria

After publication a link will be provided for a data repository folder

Data will be come available after publication and remain available indefinitely

Anyone who wishes to access the data