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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico | OTHER |
| National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico | OTHER |
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This study determined the efficacy of non-hormonal therapy with citalopram compared to fluoxetine, for the treatment of menopausal symptoms in Mexican women with vasomotor syndrome (VMS) and urogenital syndrome.
Women's reproductive life goes through a senescence process called transition to menopause, which generates an imbalance in estrogenic hormonal regulation that is more evident between the fifth and sixth decades of life. This condition allows the passage from an active reproductive stage to an inactive one, which triggers an adaptative physiological response to the reduction of estrogens. However, the progressive depletion of estrogen levels causes clinical signs and symptoms in the central nervous system, metabolism, musculoskeletal apparatus, urogenital system, and skin. These symptoms lead to disability, work absenteeism, and health costs, affecting the quality of life of women in this stage. Vasomotor symptoms are the main clinical manifestation for which women seek treatment. Vasomotor syndrome (VMS) occurs in 75 to 80% of all women. The first-line management of menopausal symptoms is hormone replacement therapy (HRT). However, some patients present adverse effects or contraindications for using it.
The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of the citalopram for treating menopausal symptoms in Mexican women with vasomotor syndrome (VMS) and urogenital syndrome.
This study was a prospective randomized clinical trial, where 91 post-menopausal participants with severe baseline scores on the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) were randomly selected and treated with citalopram (n=49) or fluoxetine (n=42). Changes from baseline MRS score at three and six months of treatment were evaluated.
Participants were randomly assigned to groups before each consult. Randomization was done using RAND and RANK functions from Excel-Word to generate unique random numbers for every participant´s ID. Fluoxetine is the Gold Standard treatment in Mexico, whereby it was used as the control medication. Loading doses of citalopram 20 mg orally or fluoxetine 20 mg orally were administrated.
Statical analysis was performed using PAST 3.0 and GraphPad Prism 8.4.3. software. Some statical parameters, such as arithmetic median (µ), standard deviation (S.D.), and Hazard ratio, were calculated using Excel-Word. Graphics were constructed with GraphPad Prism 8.4.3. Tables and Forest plots were done in Excel-Word. Odds ratio (OR), Relative Risk (RR), and chi-squared were calculated with PAST 3.0 software. The assigned α value for this study was <0.05.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fluoxetine group | Active Comparator | Participants received fluoxetine, 20 mg tablets, once a day for six months. |
|
| Citalopram group | Experimental | Participants received citalopram, 20 mg tablets, once a day for six months. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fluoxetine 20 MG | Drug | Participants received non-hormonal treatment with fluoxetine. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change from baseline Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) total score at 3 months | Menopause Rating Scale measures the severity of ageing symptoms and their impact on Health-Related Quality of Life. It considers the score of the somatic, urogenital, and psychological domains. A score of 0-4 was considered minimal severity, 5-8 mild, 9-16 moderate, and greater than 17 severe. | 3 months |
| Change from baseline Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) total score at 6 months | Menopause Rating Scale measures the severity of ageing symptoms and their impact on Health-Related Quality of Life. It considers the score of the somatic, urogenital, and psychological domains. A score of 0-4 was considered minimal severity, 5-8 mild, 9-16 moderate, and greater than 17 severe. | 6 months |
| Change from baseline Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) somatic domain score at 3 months | It considers the score obtained from the somatic dimension, which includes hot flashes, heart problems, sleep problems, and muscle and joint pain. A score of 0-2 was considered minimal severity, 3-4 mild, 5-8 moderate, and greater than 9 severe. | 3 months |
| Change from baseline Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) somatic domain score at 6 months | It considers the score obtained from the somatic dimension, which includes hot flashes, heart problems, sleep problems, and muscle and joint pain. A score of 0-2 was considered minimal severity, 3-4 mild, 5-8 moderate, and greater than 9 severe. | 6 months |
| Change from baseline Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) urogenital domain score at 3 months | It considers the score obtained from the urogenital dimension, which includes sexual problems, bladder problems and vaginal dryness. A score of 0 was considered minimal severity, 1 mild, 2-3 moderate, and greater than 4 severe. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change from the severity of individual Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) items at 6 months | It considers the obtained score from individual MRS items. 0 points were assigned if the participants reported no symptoms, 1 point if they reported mild symptoms, 2 points if they reported moderate symptoms, 3 points if they reported severe symptoms, and 4 points if they reported extremely severe symptoms. | 6 months |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Juan M Ocampo-Godinez, M.D., Ph.D. | Tissue Bioengineering Laboratory, National Autonomous University of Mexico [UNAM] | Study Director |
| Patricia Loranca-Moreno, M.D., M.Sc. | Peri-postmenopause and bone metabolism clinic. Regional Hospital October 1st ISSSTE | Study Director |
| Alan Rios-Espinosa, M.D. | Peri-postmenopause and bone metabolism clinic. Regional Hospital October 1st ISSSTE | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Peri-postmenopause and bone metabolism clinic. Regional Hospital October 1st ISSSTE | Mexico City | 07300 | Mexico |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 24465026 | Background | El Khoudary SR, McClure CK, VoPham T, Karvonen-Gutierrez CA, Sternfeld B, Cauley JA, Khalil N, Sutton-Tyrrell K. Longitudinal assessment of the menopausal transition, endogenous sex hormones, and perception of physical functioning: the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2014 Aug;69(8):1011-7. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glt285. Epub 2014 Jan 24. | |
| 25471682 |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D019584 | Hot Flashes |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005473 | Fluoxetine |
| D015283 | Citalopram |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011437 | Propylamines |
| D000588 | Amines |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
| D009570 | Nitriles |
| D001572 |
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This study was a prospective randomized clinical trial made in Mexican women diagnosed with postmenopause from the climacteric clinic of the regional hospital "1ro de Octubre-Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales para los Trabajadores del Estado (ISSSTE)". Eligible participants were randomly selected in each consult to receive citalopram 20 mg/d or fluoxetine 20 mg/d for six months. The evaluation of the MRS score was done at the first consult and three and six months after medication. The institutional ethical committee of the hospital approved the study on May 20th, 2021, with registration number CONBIOETICA-09-CEI-012-20170421 and the internal registration number 122.2021. All participants provided written informed consent.
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| Citalopram 20mg | Drug | Participants received non-hormonal treatment with citalopram. |
|
|
| 3 months |
| Change from baseline Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) urogenital domain score at 6 months | It considers the score obtained from the urogenital dimension, which includes sexual problems, bladder problems and vaginal dryness. A score of 0 was considered minimal severity, 1 mild, 2-3 moderate, and greater than 4 severe. | 6 months |
| Change from baseline Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) psychological domain score at 3 months | It considers the score obtained from the psychological dimension, which includes depression, irritability, anxiety and tiredness. A score of 0-1 was considered minimal severity, 2-3 mild, 4-6 moderate, and greater than 7 severe. | 3 months |
| Change from baseline Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) psychological domain score at 6 months | It considers the score obtained from the psychological dimension, which includes depression, irritability, anxiety and tiredness. A score of 0-1 was considered minimal severity, 2-3 mild, 4-6 moderate, and greater than 7 severe. | 6 months |
| Change from baseline score in Item 1 of the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) at 3 months | Item 1 considers the score obtained from hot flashes on the MRS scale. 0 points were assigned if the participants reported no symptoms, 1 point if they reported mild symptoms, 2 points if they reported moderate symptoms, 3 points if they reported severe symptoms, and 4 points if they reported extremely severe symptoms. | 3 months |
| Change from baseline score in Item 1 of the Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) at 6 months | Item 1 considers the score obtained from hot flashes on the MRS scale. 0 points were assigned if the participants reported no symptoms, 1 point if they reported mild symptoms, 2 points if they reported moderate symptoms, 3 points if they reported severe symptoms, and 4 points if they reported extremely severe symptoms. | 3 months |
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| 35997971 | Derived | Rios-Espinosa A, Cruz-Luna M, Garmendia-Gallardo C, Hernandez-Castanon MY, Hernandez-Hernandez VY, Sanchez-Tinoco PM, Bajonero-Dominguez A, Vergara Lope-Nunez JA, Alvarez-Perez MA, Gonzalez-Quiroz JL, Loranca-Moreno P, Ocampo-Godinez JM. Citalopram improves vasomotor syndrome and urogenital syndrome of menopause in Mexican women: a randomized clinical trial. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2022 Dec;306(6):2035-2045. doi: 10.1007/s00404-022-06732-9. Epub 2022 Aug 23. |
| Benzofurans |
| D006574 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring |
| D000072471 | Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring |
| D006571 | Heterocyclic Compounds |