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study never initiated and no participants enrolled
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The purpose of this study is to analyze the efficacy of novel interventions in post-amputation surgical care (specifically Targeted Muscle Reinnervation and Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface) on post-amputation pain and functional outcomes at the time of amputation. These novel interventions have been shown to be successful in treating the downstream effects of amputations (pain, phantom limb pain, neuroma pain, etc.), but has not been studied in a randomized manner at the time of amputation.
The investigators plan a randomized control trial of all eligible patients undergoing major limb amputation at Parkland Memorial Hospital. Eligible patients undergoing an amputation will be consented for all possible interventions and randomized to either receive Targeted Muscle Re-Innervation (TMR), Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface (RPNI), or standard post-amputation surgical care at the time of their operation. Key pre-operative data including patient sex, age, BMI, past medical history, past surgical history, medications, allergies, social history, social support systems, exposure to narcotic medication, and reason for amputation will be analyzed. Intra-operatively, patients randomized to the treatment arm will receive TMR or RPNI and the transected nerve ends addressed will be recorded. Post-operative data that will be recorded include hospital stay, complications related to the procedure, complications leading to reoperation, functional results, need for pain medication, incidence of phantom limb pain, incidence of painful neuromas, length of follow-up, and all adverse events/complications. Analyses will be conducted using data obtained from patient medical records from the Parkland Health & Hospital System.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control Arm | Active Comparator | Standard Post-Amputation Surgical Care: Briefly, the transected nerves will be blindly tucked into surrounding bulky soft tissue to protect the nerve ends before the wound is closed. |
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| Targeted Muscle Re-innervation | Experimental | Briefly, each transected nerve is identified after amputation using 6-0 Prolene suture and is dissected proximally for length. With minimal dissection, a nerve stimulator is used to identify functional motor nerve branches. Near the point where the motor branch enters the muscle, the motor nerve branch is transected and an end-to-end coaptation is performed with a nearby tagged amputated nerve. |
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| Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface | Experimental | Briefly, a muscle graft (usually from the amputated limb) is wrapped around the clean ends of the transected nerve(s). |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Targeted Muscle Re-innervation | Procedure | Targeted Muscle Re-innervation involves re-routing transected nerve ends to functional motor nerves proximal to the site of amputation. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Incidence of Phantom Limb Pain | The primary outcome measure of the study will the incidence of phantom limb pain in each group over the course of the recovery period. | Specifically at the time point 1 year after their primary incisions have healed. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pain intensity score as measured PROMIS (Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System) score | Pain intensity score is measured bv PROMIS (Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System) Scores via patient questionnaires administered at follow-up visits. Possible scores range from 1-5 where higher scores indicate worse outcome (pain severity). | Until 2 years after incisions have healed. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Deborah Noble | UT Southwestern Department of Plastic Surgery | Study Director |
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| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 18295618 | Background | Ziegler-Graham K, MacKenzie EJ, Ephraim PL, Travison TG, Brookmeyer R. Estimating the prevalence of limb loss in the United States: 2005 to 2050. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008 Mar;89(3):422-9. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2007.11.005. | |
| 30371518 | Background | Dumanian GA, Potter BK, Mioton LM, Ko JH, Cheesborough JE, Souza JM, Ertl WJ, Tintle SM, Nanos GP, Valerio IL, Kuiken TA, Apkarian AV, Porter K, Jordan SW. Targeted Muscle Reinnervation Treats Neuroma and Phantom Pain in Major Limb Amputees: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Ann Surg. 2019 Aug;270(2):238-246. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000003088. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010591 | Phantom Limb |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010468 | Perceptual Disorders |
| D019954 | Neurobehavioral Manifestations |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
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| Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface | Procedure | Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface involves placing transected nerve ends in harvested muscle grafts. |
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| Standard Post-Amputation Surgical Care | Procedure | Standard post-amputation surgical care involves placing transected nerve ends into muscle/soft tissue proximal to the site of amputation. |
|
| Pain interference score as measured by PROMIS (Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement information System) questionnaire | Pain interference score as measured by PROMIS (Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement information System) scores via patient questionnaires administered at follow-up visits. Possible scores range from 1-5, where higher scores indicate worse outcome (pain interference). | Until 2 years after incisions have healed. |
| Pain behavior measured by PROMIS (Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System) questionnaire | Pain behavior score measured by PROMIS (Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System) questionnaire that pertains to subject social health. Raw summed score from 8 to 40, where 40 represents severely maladaptive pain behavior. | Until 2 years after incisions have healed. |
| Narcotic medical use post-operatively as measured by MME (Morphine Milligram Equivalent) Score | Narcotic medical use post-operatively as measured by MME (Morphine Milligram Equivalent) Score This is a tool to condense and standardize the patient's narcotic pain regimen. | Until 2 years after incisions have healed. |
| 30634038 | Background | Valerio IL, Dumanian GA, Jordan SW, Mioton LM, Bowen JB, West JM, Porter K, Ko JH, Souza JM, Potter BK. Preemptive Treatment of Phantom and Residual Limb Pain with Targeted Muscle Reinnervation at the Time of Major Limb Amputation. J Am Coll Surg. 2019 Mar;228(3):217-226. doi: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2018.12.015. Epub 2019 Jan 8. |
| 30534497 | Background | Eberlin KR, Ducic I. Surgical Algorithm for Neuroma Management: A Changing Treatment Paradigm. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2018 Oct 16;6(10):e1952. doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000001952. eCollection 2018 Oct. |
| 31461024 | Background | Kubiak CA, Kemp SWP, Cederna PS, Kung TA. Prophylactic Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interfaces to Prevent Postamputation Pain. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2019 Sep;144(3):421e-430e. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000005922. |
| 32115057 | Background | Santosa KB, Oliver JD, Cederna PS, Kung TA. Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interfaces for Prevention and Management of Neuromas. Clin Plast Surg. 2020 Apr;47(2):311-321. doi: 10.1016/j.cps.2020.01.004. Epub 2020 Feb 1. |
| 28579692 | Background | Kuiken TA, Barlow AK, Hargrove L, Dumanian GA. Targeted Muscle Reinnervation for the Upper and Lower Extremity. Tech Orthop. 2017 Jun;32(2):109-116. doi: 10.1097/BTO.0000000000000194. |
| D010149 | Pain, Postoperative |
| D011183 | Postoperative Complications |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D010146 | Pain |