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Successful embryo implantation is complicated process that requires synchrony between good-quality embryos and receptive endometrium. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), is one of the initial embryonic signals and the major embryoendometrial relationship regulator. This study will be conducted to to investigate the role of parenteral hCG used for the transfer of cryopreserved- thawed embryos with HRT cycles in the outcome of artificially prepared frozen embryo transfer (FET) cycles.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| HCG group | Experimental | n Group 1 (hCG): participants will receive endometrial preparation with estrogen and an intramuscular hCG injection will before progesterone supplementation |
|
| control group | No Intervention | Group 2 (control): participants will receive the conventional endometrial preparation with estrogen followed by progesterone supplementation |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin Intramuscular injection 10.000 IU | Drug | From the 12th to 13th day of the cycle when endometrium reached the optimal thickness ≥8 mm, group 1 (hCG) will receive 10.000 IU hCG intramuscular injection in the morning then vaginal suppository progesterone 400 mg twice a day will be started in the afternoon |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Live birth delivery rate (LBR) | Number of live births beyond 28 weeks of gestational age to the total number of FET cycles | 7 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical pregnancy rate | number of cases with observed gestational sac with embryonic heartbeat detected by ultrasound two weeks after positive pregnancy to the totoal number of frozen embryo transfer cycles. | 2 weeks after positive pregnancy test |
| Implantation rate |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alexandria university | Alexandria | Egypt |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 17367920 | Background | Licht P, Fluhr H, Neuwinger J, Wallwiener D, Wildt L. Is human chorionic gonadotropin directly involved in the regulation of human implantation? Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2007 Apr 15;269(1-2):85-92. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2006.09.016. Epub 2007 Feb 14. | |
| 31303659 | Background | Tan H, Hu S; Qiongyu; Chen Y, Jin L, Wu C. The Effect of Intrauterine Administration of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) Before Embryo Transfer During Assisted Reproductive Cycles: a Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd. 2019 Jul;79(7):713-722. doi: 10.1055/a-0837-3246. Epub 2019 Apr 1. |
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|
proportion of the number of gestational sacs to the number of embryos transferred |
| 2 weeks after positive pregnancy test |
| Miscarriage rate | number of lost before the 20th week of gestation to the number of clinical pregnancies | 20 weeks gestational age |
| 31277770 | Background | Gao M, Jiang X, Li B, Li L, Duan M, Zhang X, Tian J, Qi K. Intrauterine injection of human chorionic gonadotropin before embryo transfer can improve in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer outcomes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Fertil Steril. 2019 Jul;112(1):89-97.e1. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.02.027. |
| 12930575 | Background | Tesarik J, Hazout A, Mendoza C. Luteinizing hormone affects uterine receptivity independently of ovarian function. Reprod Biomed Online. 2003 Jul-Aug;7(1):59-64. doi: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)61729-4. |
| 30449012 | Background | Laokirkkiat P, Thanaboonyawat I, Boonsuk S, Petyim S, Prechapanich J, Choavaratana R. Increased implantation rate after intrauterine infusion of a small volume of human chorionic gonadotropin at the time of embryo transfer: a randomized, double-blind controlled study. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2019 Jan;299(1):267-275. doi: 10.1007/s00404-018-4962-7. Epub 2018 Nov 17. |
| 29259465 | Background | Shiotani M, Matsumoto Y, Okamoto E, Yamada S, Mizusawa Y, Furuhashi K, Ogata H, Ogata S, Kokeguchi S. Is human chorionic gonadotropin supplementation beneficial for frozen and thawed embryo transfer in estrogen/progesterone replacement cycles?: A randomized clinical trial. Reprod Med Biol. 2017 Apr 4;16(2):166-169. doi: 10.1002/rmb2.12023. eCollection 2017 Apr. |
| 32450894 | Background | Deng L, Chen X, Blockeel C, Ye DS, Chen SL. Intramuscular injection of human chorionic gonadotropin prior to secretory transformation in patients undergoing frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2020 May 25;18(1):52. doi: 10.1186/s12958-020-00606-y. |
| 32188299 | Result | Lawrenz B, Coughlan C, Melado L, Fatemi HM. The ART of frozen embryo transfer: back to nature! Gynecol Endocrinol. 2020 Jun;36(6):479-483. doi: 10.1080/09513590.2020.1740918. Epub 2020 Mar 18. |
| 19342020 | Result | Ben-Meir A, Aboo-Dia M, Revel A, Eizenman E, Laufer N, Simon A. The benefit of human chorionic gonadotropin supplementation throughout the secretory phase of frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles. Fertil Steril. 2010 Feb;93(2):351-4. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.02.027. Epub 2009 Apr 1. |
| 24520435 | Result | Eftekhar M, Rahmani E, Eftekhar T. Effect of adding human chorionic gonadotropin to the endometrial preparation protocol in frozen embryo transfer cycles. Int J Fertil Steril. 2012 Oct;6(3):175-8. Epub 2012 Dec 17. |
| 30924053 | Result | Jing S, Li XF, Zhang S, Gong F, Lu G, Lin G. Increased pregnancy complications following frozen-thawed embryo transfer during an artificial cycle. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2019 May;36(5):925-933. doi: 10.1007/s10815-019-01420-1. Epub 2019 Mar 29. |
| 29110260 | Result | Hatoum I, Bellon L, Swierkowski N, Ouazana M, Bouba S, Fathallah K, Paillusson B, Bailly M, Boitrelle F, Alter L, Bergere M, Selva J, Wainer R. Disparities in reproductive outcomes according to the endometrial preparation protocol in frozen embryo transfer : The risk of early pregnancy loss in frozen embryo transfer cycles. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2018 Mar;35(3):425-429. doi: 10.1007/s10815-017-1078-0. Epub 2017 Nov 6. |
| 24345207 | Result | Srivastava A, Sengupta J, Kriplani A, Roy KK, Ghosh D. Profiles of cytokines secreted by isolated human endometrial cells under the influence of chorionic gonadotropin during the window of embryo implantation. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2013 Dec 17;11:116. doi: 10.1186/1477-7827-11-116. |
| 28629172 | Result | Makrigiannakis A, Vrekoussis T, Zoumakis E, Kalantaridou SN, Jeschke U. The Role of HCG in Implantation: A Mini-Review of Molecular and Clinical Evidence. Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Jun 19;18(6):1305. doi: 10.3390/ijms18061305. |
| 12620482 | Result | Licht P, von Wolff M, Berkholz A, Wildt L. Evidence for cycle-dependent expression of full-length human chorionic gonadotropin/luteinizing hormone receptor mRNA in human endometrium and decidua. Fertil Steril. 2003 Mar;79 Suppl 1:718-23. doi: 10.1016/s0015-0282(02)04822-7. |