This is an Open-label, Prospective, Multicenter Study to Assess the SAfety of Regional Citrate Anticoagulation Delivered by the multiFiltratePRO system in Adult Patients Requiring Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (SARCA Study).

In short, AKI is a major complication in intensive care patients, often occurring in the context of multiple organ failure, and some of these patients may need CRRT. The major advantage of CRRT is improved hemodynamic stability compared to intermittent HD. Continuous anticoagulation during CRRT may be needed to prevent premature clotting of the circuit and deliver the prescribed dialysis dose. Unfractionated heparin is the most commonly used anticoagulation during CRRT mainly as a result of familiarity, low cost, and ease of administration. But the main drawback is the risk of bleeding.

An alternative technique to avoid systemic anticoagulation is regional extracorporeal anticoagulation with citrate (RCA). The advantages of RCA are improved circuit patency and fewer bleeding complications. The use of RCA may also reduce the ICU staff workload. Studies have shown longer filter running times which reduced circuit change and set-up time. In addition, anticoagulation related bleeding, and CRRT-related blood transfusions were minimized. Therefore, CRRT with RCA might be more economical than conventional anticoagulation.

The study is to explore the possibility of using the multiFiltrate PRO system with the Ci-Ca module, Cifoban® (Trisodium citrate 4%), Calrecia® (Calcium chloride dihydrate), Ci-Ca dialysate K2 and K4, AV1000 (disposable cassette), and multiBic solution in subjects who are critically ill and receiving CRRT in an acute setting.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Signed informed consent form by

   • The subject or
   • A legally authorized representative (LAR), if the subject is unable to consent

2. Adult patients ≥ 18 years old

3. Diagnosis of AKI or End-Stage Kidney Disease (ESKD) requiring CRRT

4. Vascular access - Dialysis Catheter with size and location per institutional practice

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Metabolic alkalosis as defined by serum bicarbonate greater than 30 mmol/L and arterial pH greater than 7.55
2. A female who is pregnant or breast feeding
3. Severe liver disease defined as International Normalized Ratio (INR) greater than 2.0 and total bilirubin greater than 5 mg/dl, and both aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) greater than 3 times upper limit of normal
4. Subjects currently enrolled in or who have completed any other investigational drug or device study within last 30 days prior to signing informed consent
5. Previous participation in a similar or the same study.
6. Subjects already on continuous renal replacement therapy
7. Subjects with active COVID-19 infection
8. Subjects cannot tolerate citrate therapy defined as severe liver disease (see exclusion criteria #3), shock with muscle hypoperfusion and known hypersensitivity to citrate