Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
The purpose of this study is to initiate pharmacist intervention (educational and medication review) among osteoarthritis patients visiting community pharmacies.
Community pharmacists are one of the most accessible health care professionals for patient care in chronic diseases including osteoarthritis and can provide patient education, conduct medication review, and collaborate with the multidisciplinary pain management team, to improve treatment outcomes and quality of life. Studies have reported that pharmacist-provided intervention was beneficial as it increased patients' knowledge of osteoarthritis, reduced the rates of adverse events associated with analgesics, and improved self-perceived health and function. So this study aims to provide intervention through community pharmacists.
Potential patients will be identified from community pharmacies and consent will be obtained from patients before enrolling them in the study. The study will be a cluster-randomized trial. Thus pharmacies will be randomized, either to control or treatment group. Patients in the treatment group will receive the pharmacist-initiated intervention while in the control group will receive usual care.
The intervention will be an education on osteoarthritis, its management, and self-care activities followed by a medication review. Pharmacists assess patients' knowledge of medication indication, identify adverse effects or drug-related problems, and counsel patients on proper medication use.
Education intervention will be provided through face-to-face communication at the time of enrollment and a leaflet will be provided. The patient will receive a phone call and will be able to view the video in the succeeding weeks to enforce the intervention.
Outcome measures will be assessed at baseline, three months, and six months from enrolment in both treatment and control groups.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| treatment group | Experimental | Patients from the pharmacies assigned as treatment group will receive intervention. Intervention are education (aid with leaflet and video) and medication review with counselling. |
|
| control group | No Intervention | Patients from the pharmacies assigned as control group will receive as usual care they have been provided regularly. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Education intervention and medication review | Other | Education on osteoarthritis and pain management will be provided to the patients by face-to-face communication at the first meeting, aided with a leaflet, then patients will get the follow-up calls and a video will be shown to enforce the intervention. Medication review includes the assessment of patients' knowledge on the indication, identification of any drug-related problem, and counseling on the proper use of medication. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change from baseline pain intensity at 3 and 6 months | Numeric pain rating scale will be used to measure the pain intensity. The numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) is an 11-point scale. Respondents can choose a number between 0 to 10, where 0 = no pain and 10 = extreme or worst pain. It has shown a high correlation with the visual analogue scale and can be used in rheumatoid arthritis and other types of chronic pain. It can be administered verbally to be done over the telephone. It has been translated into the Nepalese language. | baseline, 3 months and 6 months |
| Change from baseline patient's knowledge at 3 and 6 months | Patient knowledge will be assessed using the questionnaire developed by the principal investigator in consultation with literature review and expert consultation. It consists of 12 questions on osteoarthritis and pain management. It has been translated into Nepalese languages and validated. Correct responses will be counted and presented as percentages. Higher percentages mean better knowledge. | baseline, 3 months and 6 months (change in patients knowledge from baseline |
| Change from baseline physical function at 3 and 6 months | Western Ontario and Mc Master Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) is the tool commonly used for evaluation in osteoarthritis.It consist of 24 items divided into 3 subscales; pain (5 items), stiffness (2 items), physical Function (17 items). Its response is based on a number between 0 to 4, where 0=none, 1=mild, 2=moderate, 3=severe, 4=extreme. | baseline, 3 months and 6 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change from baseline depression score at 6 months | Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) depression scale 8 items: is a set of person-centred measures that evaluates mental health in adults and children. It can be used with the general population and individuals living with chronic conditions. Each item on the measure is rated on a 5-point scale (1=never; 2=rarely; 3=sometimes; 4=often; and 5=always) with a range in score from 8 to 40 with higher scores indicating greater severity of depression. |
Not provided
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parbati Thapa | Contact | 0165471475 | parbati.thapa@monash.edu | |
| Shaun Lee Wen Huey | Contact | shaun.lee@monash.edu |
Not provided
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Community Pharmacies | Recruiting | Pokhara | Gandaki | Nepal |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 34997667 | Background | McLachlan AJ, Carroll PR, Hunter DJ, Wakefield TAN, Stosic R. Osteoarthritis management: Does the pharmacist play a role in bridging the gap between what patients actually know and what they ought to know? Insights from a national online survey. Health Expect. 2022 Jun;25(3):936-946. doi: 10.1111/hex.13429. Epub 2022 Jan 8. | |
| 28507652 |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010003 | Osteoarthritis |
| D010146 | Pain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001168 | Arthritis |
| D007592 | Joint Diseases |
| D009140 | Musculoskeletal Diseases |
| D012216 | Rheumatic Diseases |
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000090143 | Medication Review |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D008509 | Medication Systems |
| D009934 | Organization and Administration |
| D006298 | Health Services Administration |
| D010346 | Patient Care Management |
Not provided
Not provided
Patients will be assigned to either intervention or the control group
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
|
| baseline and 6 months |
| Change from baseline patients quality of life at 6 months | The quality of life assessment questionnaire EQ-5D-3L (EUROQOL) is one of the most common tools to measure health-related quality of life. It helps to assess the Quality of life-based on five dimensions mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression. Each dimension has 3 levels: no problems, some problems, and extreme problems. | baseline and 6 months |
| Patient satisfaction | Patient satisfaction will be assessed using the patient satisfaction questionnaire. Higher the score better is the satisfaction level. | At 6 months of enrollment |
| Kielly J, Davis EM, Marra C. Practice guidelines for pharmacists: The management of osteoarthritis. Can Pharm J (Ott). 2017 May 1;150(3):156-168. doi: 10.1177/1715163517702168. eCollection 2017 May-Jun. No abstract available. |
| 33486825 | Background | Thapa P, Lee SWH, Kc B, Dujaili JA, Mohamed Ibrahim MI, Gyawali S. Pharmacist-led intervention on chronic pain management: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2021 Aug;87(8):3028-3042. doi: 10.1111/bcp.14745. Epub 2021 Feb 24. |
| 22930542 | Background | Marra CA, Cibere J, Grubisic M, Grindrod KA, Gastonguay L, Thomas JM, Embley P, Colley L, Tsuyuki RT, Khan KM, Esdaile JM. Pharmacist-initiated intervention trial in osteoarthritis: a multidisciplinary intervention for knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2012 Dec;64(12):1837-45. doi: 10.1002/acr.21763. |
| 20969809 | Background | Hansson EE, Jonsson-Lundgren M, Ronnheden AM, Sorensson E, Bjarnung A, Dahlberg LE. Effect of an education programme for patients with osteoarthritis in primary care--a randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2010 Oct 25;11:244. doi: 10.1186/1471-2474-11-244. |
| 37945419 | Derived | Thapa P, Kc B, Gyawali S, Leong SL, Mohamed Ibrahim MI, Lee SWH. Effectiveness of community pharmacist-led interventions in osteoarthritis pain management: A cluster-randomized trial. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2024 Feb;20(2):149-156. doi: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2023.10.012. Epub 2023 Nov 4. |
| D009461 |
| Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |