The individualized drug delivery system of levetiracetam based on population pharmacokinetics and quantitative pharmacology model in patients with epilepsy complicated by diabetic kidney disease was established. To clarify the clinical feasibility of model-based individualized drug administration scheme.

A quantitative pharmacological model for the development of levetiracetam in epileptic patients with diabetic nephropathy is proposed. First, a model based active levetiracetam based individualized initial dose regimen was established by using clinical simulation techniques. A simulation model was established for patients with diabetes mellitus and kidney disease, including information on patients' gender, age and other factors, diabetes mellitus, renal disease history, creatinine clearance rate, glomerular filtration rate, urinary protein level and blood lipid level. Secondly, the simulated clinical trial combining simulation model and population pharmacokinetic model is used to compare the compliance rate of levetiracetam blood concentration in patients with different dose treatment schemes, so as to obtain the optimal individualized administration scheme. Finally, Bayesian feedback technology is used to improve the passive dose adjustment scheme, and model-based Bayesian feedback technology is used to establish a dose adjustment scheme based on area under curve (AUC), so as to clarify the optimal blood sampling scheme and monitoring method.

Inclusion Criteria:

- Patients with seizures and diabetic nephropathy who were treated with levetiracetam.

Exclusion Criteria:

• patients who rejected

The method of continuous and non random enrollment was adopted.