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For most people, gaming is perceived as a positive activity. In some cases, however, gaming may turn into an addiction with consequences for the individual health, quality of life and everyday life. Today, there is a lack of evidence-based interventions to treat this condition, called Gaming Disorder (GD). This study will evaluate a new manual for treatment of GD, divided into a number of modules and based on cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). The study is designed as a randomized controlled trial (RCT) and will be conducted at a clinic specialized in the treatment of gambling and gaming addiction.
Participants included in the study will be randomized to one of to groups. The intervention group will receive twelve weeks of individual CBT-treatment while participants allocated to the control group will be put on a twelve-week wait-list.
The hypothesis is that the manual based CBT treatment will result in a greater reduction in symptoms of criteria for GD.
The study is designed as a two-armed randomized controlled trial. After inclusion, every participant will be offered an overview of the participant´s psychosocial circumstances. Thereafter, the participants will be randomized to one of the two arms.
The main arm includes individual CBT treatment following a module-based manual. The manual includes nine main modules and three optional modules addressing different dimensions of gaming disorder, for example thoughts, emotions, and procrastination. Between every session the participants are working with home assignments, in order to strengthen helpful behaviours. The participants also report amount of time spent on gaming and other activities every week.
Participants randomized to the control arm also report their time spent on gaming and other activities every week.The wait-list control has the same duration as the CBT-arm. After the control-period, participants in the control arm will be offered the same treatment as participants in the intervention arm.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| CBT treatment | Experimental | The CBT-arm includes treatment according to a manual developed to treat GD. The manual is based on nine main and three optional modules. Each module covers different topics identified as problematic for individuals with GD, for example "thoughts" and "feelings". It is possible to adjust the number of modules, in line with the individual plan for every participant. During the treatment period, the participants report their weekly time spent on gaming, non-gaming screen-time and on other activities. |
|
| Wait list control | Other | Participants randomised to the control-arm is put on a twelve-week wait-list. During this time, the participants will report their weekly time spent on gaming, non-gaming screen-time and on other activities. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CBT-treatment | Behavioral | Cognitive Behavioral Treatment for Gaming Disorder. |
| |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Internet Gaming Disorder Scale- Short Form (IGDS9-SF) | Change in number of diagnostic criteria of Internet Gaming Disorder according to DSM-5. The score ranges from 9 to 45. A higher score indicates more problems related to gaming. | Up to 24 weeks. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Timeline follow back for gaming (TLFB-GD) | Registration of time spent on gaming and other activities during the twelve weeks of treatment. | Up to 12 weeks. |
| Gaming Disorder Test (GDT) | Measures symptoms of GD according to ICD-10. A higher score indiciate a higher risk of GD. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Patient health´s questionnaire (PHQ-9) | Measure of symptoms of depression. The total score is ranging from 0 to 27, with higher scores indicating more severe depressive symptoms. | Up to 24 weeks. |
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anna Gordh, Ass. Prof | Contact | +46 73 402 02 37 | anna.gordh@vgregion.se | |
| Elin Arvidson, PhD | Contact | +46730965709 | elin.arvidson@vgregion.se |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Anna Gordh, Ass. Prof | Mottagning för spelberoende och skärmhälsa | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinic for gambling addiction and screen health | Gothenburg | Sweden |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 41039577 | Derived | Arvidson E, Hofstedt A, Soderpalm Gordh A. A flexible module-based cognitive behavioral therapy for gaming disorder: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2025 Oct 2;26(1):386. doi: 10.1186/s13063-025-09147-4. | |
| 37346899 | Derived | Hofstedt A, Mide M, Arvidson E, Ljung S, Mattiasson J, Lindskog A, Soderpalm-Gordh A. Pilot data findings from the Gothenburg treatment for gaming disorder: a cognitive behavioral treatment manual. Front Psychiatry. 2023 Jun 6;14:1162492. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1162492. eCollection 2023. |
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After publication of data the IPD will be available at request.
After publication of data.
Not decided yet.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000082424 | Internet Addiction Disorder |
| D016739 | Behavior, Addictive |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000088942 | Technology Addiction |
| D003192 | Compulsive Behavior |
| D007175 | Impulsive Behavior |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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| Wait list control |
| Behavioral |
No intervention |
|
| Up to 24 weeks. |
Measures symptoms of anxiety. The total score is 21, with cut off points at 5, 10 and 15, indicating minimal (0-4), mild (5-9), moderate (10-14) and severe (15-21) levels of anxiety. Higher scores indicate more severe anxiety.
| Up to 24 weeks. |
| Brunnsviken Brief Quality of life scale (BBQ) | Questionnaire for quality of life. The possible total score is 96 with higher scores indicating higher perceived quality of life. | Up to 24 weeks. |
| Physical activity | Assessment of the level of physical activity and sedentary behavior. A low level of physical activity and a high amount of sedentary time is increasing the risk of several life-style related diseases. | Up to 24 weeks. |
| Motives for Online Gaming Questionnaire (MOGQ) | Self-report instrument for measuring motives for gaming. It covers seven different motives for gaming. A higher score suggests several motives for individual gaming. | Up to 24 weeks. |
| Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) | This instrument is used to identify inidividuals with harmful use of alcohol. A score higher than 6 indicate problematic use of alcohol. | Up to 24 weeks. |
| Drug Use Disorders Identification Test (DUDIT) | A screening tool for the use of drugs and events of drug-related consequences. A higher score indicate higher use of drugs. | Up to 24 weeks. |
| Family APGAR | The purpose of the Family APGAR is to qualitatively measure five components of family functioning: "adaptation", "partnership", "growth", "affection" and "resolve". | Up to 12 weeks. |
| Negative Effects Questionnaire (NEQ) | The purpose of the NEQ is to measure negative or adverse effects of psychological treatment, as experienced by the patient. Lower scores indiciate less negative effects of the psychological treatment. | After treatment completion (up to 12 weeks). |