Hemodynamic Effect of Topical Anesthesia During Induction in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery

Effect of Topical Anesthesia on Hemodynamics During Induction in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: a Randomized Controlled Study

Patients scheduled for cardiac surgery are fragile. Hemodynamic fluctuation might be associated with adverse outcomes. Therefore, it is essential to keep hemodynamics stable during and after the induction period. Previous studies have shown that topical anesthesia can provide excellent superior supraglottic and subglottic local anesthetic effects and can significantly reduce the dosage of intravenous anesthetics. Therefore, we designed this study to explore whether the combination of topical anesthesia and intravenous anesthetics could decrease the stress response of endotracheal intubation and keep hemodynamics stable during and after the induction period.

Patients scheduled for cardiac surgery are often accompanied by cardiac insufficiency. Hemodynamic fluctuation might lead to disastrous events. Therefore, it is essential to keep hemodynamics stable during and after the induction period. The routine anesthesia induction strategy for cardiac surgery is to decrease stress response during endotracheal intubation by using large doses of opioids. However, high doses of opioids often leads to persistent and recurrent hypotension in patients from the anesthesia induction period to the beginning of the surgery. Previous studies have shown that topical anesthesia can provide excellent superior supraglottic and subglottic local anesthetic effects and can significantly reduce the dosage of intravenous anesthetics. Therefore, we designed this study to explore whether the combination of topical anesthesia and intravenous anesthetics could decrease the stress response of endotracheal intubation and keep hemodynamics stable during and after the induction period.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Patients older than 18 years and younger than 75 years;
2. Patients scheduled to accept elective cardiac surgery;
3. Patients of New York Heart Association (NYHA) Ⅱ～Ⅲ level grade ;
4. Patients signed the informed consent form for the clinical study.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patients cannot cooperate to topical anesthesia;
2. Patients who had left heart assist devices other than intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation before surgery;
3. Patients treated with Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) prior to surgery;
4. Patients with aortic dissection;
5. Patients with difficult airway;
6. Patients with high sensitivity and hypersensitivity to lidocaine;
7. Patients with atrioventricular block;
8. Patients who have participated in other clinical studies during the last 3 months.