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Background and study aims:
The Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing Group Protocol with Children (EMDR-GP/C) was first developed by Korkmazlar following the Marmara earthquake in Turkey in 1999 and can be adapted for different populations. The aim of this study is to assess if a EMDR-GP program may help primary school students in improving narrative complexity and specificity of autobiographical memories, as well as their subjective unit of distress (SUD) and validity of cognition (VoC).
Who can participate? Students attending the fourth or fifth year of primary school
What does the study involve? Participants will be randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. Participants in the experimental group will undergo a 3-week EMDR-GP with weekly 60-minute group sessions (3 sessions), while the control group will follow routine daily school activities.
Questionnaires will be used to assess narrative complexity, specificity of autobiographical memories, SUD and VoC before and after the intervention.
What are the possible benefits and risks of participating? Benefits of participating in the study may include an improvement of narrative complexity, specificity of autobiographical memories, and their SUD and VoC.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Group EMDR | Experimental | Participants in the experimental group will undergo a 3-week group EMDR intervention with weekly 60-minute group sessions. |
|
| Control | No Intervention | The control group will follow routine daily school activities |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group EMDR | Behavioral | The eight phases of the adapted group EMDR protocol was administered during each session: 1. Meeting: Explaining the nature of trauma, group rules, name tags, filling in the scales. 2. Preparation: Exploring children's support system, explaining EMDR, safe place, resource exercise, and installation with bilateral stimulation (BLS, butterfly hug or knee tapping). 3. Assessment: Drawing the worst image on a small separate sheet of paper, SUD level, (negative cognition, emotions, body sensations - if possible). 4. Desensitization: It is done with drawing on 4 separate papers with BLS (butterfly hug or knee tapping). 5. Installation: With the healing story written according to the adaptive information processing (AIP) model, the installation is accompanied BLS. 6. Body scan: A positive body state is installed with the relaxation technique. 7. Closure & future template: Strong closure with artwork. 8. Re-evaluation: if possible. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Event coding - Pre-intervention | Event coding is measured using Manual for Coding Events in Self Defining Memories. "Relationship" nominal score means a better outcome | Event coding is measured before the 3-week group EMDR intervention |
| Memory specificity level - Pre-intervention | Memory specificity level is measured using Classification System and Scoring for Self-defining Autobiographical Memories. "Specific" nominal score means a better outcome | Memory specificity level is measured before the 3-week group EMDR intervention |
| Narrative complexity level - Pre-intervention | Narrative complexity level is measured using Coding System for autobiographical Memory Narratives in Psychotherapy. Higher scores mean a better outcome. | Narrative complexity level is measured before the 3-week group EMDR intervention |
| Subjective Unit of Distress - Pre-intervention | Subjective Unit of Distress is measured using a self-reporting scale with a 0- to 10-point rating scale. Higher scores mean a worse outcome | Subjective Unit of Distress is measured before the 3-week group EMDR intervention |
| Validity of Cognition - Pre-intervention | Validity of Cognition is measured using a self-reporting scale with a 1- to 7-point rating scale. Higher scores mean a better outcome | Validity of Cognition is measured before the 3-week group EMDR intervention |
| Event coding - Post-intervention | Event coding is measured using Manual for Coding Events in Self Defining Memories. "Relationship" nominal score means a better outcome |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Autobiographical memory definition - Pre-intervention | Autobiographical memory definition is measured using Coding System for Autobiographical Memory Narratives in Psychotherapy. "Autobiographic" nominal score means a better outcome. | Autobiographical memory definition is measured before the 3-week group EMDR intervention |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Andrea Poli, Psy.D. | University of Pisa | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Pisa | Pisa | 56126 | Italy |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 35805348 | Derived | Poli A, Gemignani A, Miccoli M. Randomized Trial on the Effects of a Group EMDR Intervention on Narrative Complexity and Specificity of Autobiographical Memories: A Path Analytic and Supervised Machine-Learning Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jun 23;19(13):7684. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19137684. |
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Raw data are available on request.
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|
| Event coding is measured after the 3-week group EMDR intervention |
| Memory specificity level - Post-intervention | Memory specificity level is measured using Classification System and Scoring for Self-defining Autobiographical Memories. "Specific" nominal score means a better outcome | Memory specificity level is measured after the 3-week group EMDR intervention |
| Narrative complexity level - Post-intervention | Narrative complexity level is measured using Coding System for autobiographical Memory Narratives in Psychotherapy. Higher scores mean a better outcome. | Narrative complexity level is measured after the 3-week group EMDR intervention |
| Subjective Unit of Distress - Post-intervention | Subjective Unit of Distress is measured using a self-reporting scale with a 0- to 10-point rating scale. Higher scores mean a worse outcome | Subjective Unit of Distress is measured after the 3-week group EMDR intervention |
| Validity of Cognition - Post-intervention | Validity of Cognition is measured using a self-reporting scale with a 1- to 7-point rating scale. Higher scores mean a better outcome | Validity of Cognition is measured after the 3-week group EMDR intervention |
| Memory integration level - Pre-intervention |
Memory integration level is measured using Classification System and Scoring for Self-defining Autobiographical Memories. "Integrated" nominal score means a better outcome |
| Memory integration level is measured before the 3-week group EMDR intervention |
| Autobiographical memory definition - Post-intervention | Autobiographical memory definition is measured using Coding System for Autobiographical Memory Narratives in Psychotherapy. "Autobiographic" nominal score means a better outcome. | Autobiographical memory definition is measured after the 3-week group EMDR intervention |
| Memory integration level - Post-intervention | Memory integration level is measured using Classification System and Scoring for Self-defining Autobiographical Memories. "Integrated" nominal score means a better outcome | Memory integration level is measured after the 3-week group EMDR intervention |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D033262 | Narration |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003142 | Communication |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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