The bone grafting materials currently used in dentistry are autografts, allografts, xenografts, and alloplastic grafts. Among these different types of bone graft materials, autografts are considered to have the most predictable results due to its properties of osteogenesis, osteoinduction and osteoconduction. However, bone autografts are rarely used due to the high morbidity associated with harvesting the bone graft from the patient with a second surgical site. Because of the increased risk to the patient with autogenous bone grafts, the current standard of care is an allograft, which is a bone graft harvested from cadaver sources such as Freeze-Dried Bone Allograft (FDBA). While allografts can only possess the qualities of osteoinduction and osteoconduction, they also have dramatically less morbidity due to the lack of a second surgical site.

Studies have shown that autogenous dentin grafts promote all three ideal mechanisms for bone regeneration. There are two methods to generate autogenous dentin grafts. One is to collect the extracted tooth and to send it to a tooth bank for the preparation process. The second is to process the extracted tooth in a clinical setting chairside, for a graft. A dentin graft can undergo different treatments such as demineralization, mineralization, and partial-demineralization. Although the autogenous dentin graft has shown positive results for bone regeneration, the comparison between partial-demineralized, mineralized autogenous dentin grafts, and freeze-dried bone grafts in the clinical setting for immediate grafting has not been studied in humans. Thus, there is a need to study the benefits of autogenous dentin partial-demineralized and mineralized grafts versus freeze-dried bone allografts regarding clinical, radiographically (bone volume and density), and efficacy results. This research addresses these areas of need.

The bone grafting materials currently used in dentistry are autografts, allografts, xenografts, and alloplastic grafts. Among these different types of bone graft materials, autografts are considered to have the most predictable results due to its properties of osteogenesis, osteoinduction and osteoconduction. However, bone autografts are rarely used due to the high morbidity associated with harvesting the bone graft from the patient with a second surgical site. Because of the increased risk to the patient with autogenous bone grafts, the current standard of care is an allograft, which is a bone graft harvested from cadaver sources such as Freeze-Dried Bone Allograft (FDBA). While allografts can only possess the qualities of osteoinduction and osteoconduction, they also have dramatically less morbidity due to the lack of a second surgical site.

Studies have shown that autogenous dentin grafts promote all three ideal mechanisms for bone regeneration. There are two methods to generate autogenous dentin grafts. One is to collect the extracted tooth and to send it to a tooth bank for the preparation process. The second is to process the extracted tooth in a clinical setting chairside, for a graft. A dentin graft can undergo different treatments such as demineralization, mineralization, and partial-demineralization. Although the autogenous dentin graft has shown positive results for bone regeneration, the comparison between partial-demineralized, mineralized autogenous dentin grafts, and freeze-dried bone grafts in the clinical setting for immediate grafting has not been studied in humans. Thus, there is a need to study the benefits of autogenous dentin partial-demineralized and mineralized grafts versus freeze-dried bone allografts regarding clinical, radiographically (bone volume and density), and efficacy results. This research addresses these areas of need.

A. Specific Aims

Specific Aim 1:

Is there a clinical-radiographical difference in terms of bone volume and density between mineralized dentin grafts, partial demineralized tooth grafts, and FDBA?

Null Hypothesis (Ho): Experimental groups (Mineralized, and partial demineralized dentin grafts) do not have positive changes in terms of bone volume and density when compared to FDBA

Alternative Hypothesis (H1): Experimental groups (Mineralized, and partial demineralized dentin grafts) show better results in terms of bone volume and density when compared to FDBA.

Secondary Aim:

Evaluate if there is any difference in terms of efficacy among partial-demineralized dentin graft, mineralized dentin graft and FDBA.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Adult patients ≥18 years old
• Able to understand and sign a written informed consent form and willing to fulfil all study requirements.
• Alveolar sockets with intact four-wall architecture.
• Patients with at least a tooth that need to be extracted.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Uncontrolled systemic disease
• Currently smoking >10 cigarettes per day
• History of head and/or neck radiotherapy in the past five years
• Bisphosphonates current use or history of IV bisphosphonate
• Pregnant, expecting to become pregnant, or lactating women.
• Presence of active periodontal disease.
• Teeth that underwent root canal fillings
• Teeth with acute infection at the site of extraction.
• Teeth with periapical infection

It is estimated that individual patient date will be shared to a very limited number of individuals to help with facilitating the statistical analysis of the study, as well as writing up the Master Thesis and future publications. Also, upon request, it is required to share study related information to our internal Institutional Review Board.

The estimated time frame for sharing data would be approximately until May 2025

Institutional Review Board officials, Master Thesis Chair and Committee members, and statisticians, will be able to review data. Also, Dr. John Corbett, will be performing a followup study and possibly extending the time frame for Dr. Perozo's study measurement. It is also anticipated, but not actual, that future studies be performed for longitudinal analysis.