Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Loughborough University | OTHER |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
This study compared the metabolic response to three different eating windows (morning fast,12pm-8pm; evening fast, 8am-4pm; control, 8am-8pm).
Humans have evolved as a diurnal species, internally governed by the circadian system, which dictates our hormone regulation. 'Chrononutrition' is a sub-discipline which combines food timing with circadian physiology. The most popular method of time-restricted feeding in the UK is to skip breakfast. However, data from several meta-analysis have shown that skipping breakfast is associated with weight gain and insulin resistance, likely due to eating later into the evening/night and therefore, out of sync with our circadian rhythm. Recent research has shown that skipping dinner (evening fasting) has improved markers of cardio-metabolic health in clinical populations, although these are typically from longer-term studies. Despite these promising findings, it is not yet known whether these findings are population specific.
Therefore, the investigators are interested in examining the metabolic response pre and post-intervention to see whether these promising findings can translate into a healthy population. Furthermore, the investigators will be monitoring subjective appetite, energy intake, and expenditure to assess whether there is any short-term adaptation to a specific feeding window.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Evening Fasting | Experimental | Participants will undertake acute evening fasting (feeding between 8am-4pm) |
|
| Control | Experimental | Participants will undertake an acute standard western feeding pattern (feeding between 8am-8pm). |
|
| Morning Fasting | Experimental | Participants will undertake an acute morning fasting trial (feeding between 12pm-8pm). |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Evening Fasting | Behavioral | Participants will undertake acute evening fasting (feeding between 8am-4pm) for one day. After which they will attend the laboratory, following a 16 h fast, where baseline measures will be taken and the response to a standardised meal will take place. The participant will also have an opportunity to feed ad-libitum before they leave the laboratory. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Glycaemic Control | A metabolic assessment lasting 3.5 hours will take place following a standardised, laboratory-based meal. The investigators will be taking periodic capillary and venous blood samples to measure post-prandial glucose and insulin, which together comprise 'glycaemic control'. | 0 hour (Pre breakfast), 1 hour, 2 hour, 3.5 hour |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Energy Intake | Energy intake will be measured both during lab and outside of the laboratory when the participants are free-living. During lab, energy intake will be measured through ad-libitum feeding buffet where 20 minutes will be permitted to eat as much or as little as they desire, until 'comfortably full and satisfied', followed by post-feeding measurement of the remaining food. | 3.5 hour following breakfast |
Not provided
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nottingham Trent University | Nottingham | Nottinghamshire | NG2 5BL | United Kingdom |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 29754952 | Result | Sutton EF, Beyl R, Early KS, Cefalu WT, Ravussin E, Peterson CM. Early Time-Restricted Feeding Improves Insulin Sensitivity, Blood Pressure, and Oxidative Stress Even without Weight Loss in Men with Prediabetes. Cell Metab. 2018 Jun 5;27(6):1212-1221.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.04.010. Epub 2018 May 10. | |
| 31151228 | Result |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000093763 | Intermittent Fasting |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005215 | Fasting |
| D005247 | Feeding Behavior |
| D001519 | Behavior |
Not provided
Not provided
The study design is a randomised, controlled, crossover design in which participants undertake three conditions in a randomised order with at least one week in between trials.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
|
| Morning Fasting | Behavioral | Participants will undertake an acute morning fasting trial (feeding between 12pm-8pm). After which, participants will visit the laboratory the following day, after a 16 h fast, where baseline measures will be taken and the response to a standardised meal will take place. The participant will also have an opportunity to feed ad-libitum before they leave the laboratory. |
|
| Control | Behavioral | Participants will undertake an acute standard western feeding pattern (feeding between 8am-8pm). After which, participants will visit the laboratory the following day, after a 12 h fast, where baseline measures will be taken and the response to a standardised meal will take place. The participant will also have an opportunity to feed ad-libitum before they leave the laboratory. |
|
| Energy expenditure | Energy expenditure will be measured via a chest-worn device (Actiheart) which combines heart rate and accelerometry to gauge calories expended. | Activity recorded across day 1 standardisation and day 2 (lab visit and post lab visit) |
| Visual analogue scale for subjective ratings of appetite | Subjective appetite will be measured on mobile devices via a software which replicates a 100mm visual analogue scale. The scale is divided into subscales of different appetite perceptions including: hunger, fullness, desire to eat and prospective food consumption. This will be measured on a scale of 0-100 (0 - none at all) (100 - a lot). | 0 hour (pre-breakfast), 1 hour, 2 hour, 3 hour, 4 hour (post breakfast during lab visit) |
| Acylated Ghrelin (Appetite hormone) | Acylated Ghrelin will be measured from the venous samples taken during the post-prandial period following the standardised meal. | 0 hour (pre breakfast), 1 hour, 2 hour, and 3 hour post breakfast |
| PYY (Appetite hormone) | Acylated Ghrelin will be measured from the venous samples taken during the post-prandial period following the standardised meal. | 0 hour (pre-breakfast), 1 hour, 2 hour, and 3 hour post breakfast |
| Carbohydrate Oxidation | Investigators will be collecting expired air into Douglas bags, and measuring the VO2 and VCO2 concentration to calculate carbohydrate oxidation. | 0 hour (pre breakfast), 1 hour, 2 hour, 3 hour post breakfast |
| Fat Oxidation | Investigators will be collecting expired air into Douglas bags, and measuring the VO2 and VCO2 concentration to calculate fat oxidation. | 0 hour (pre breakfast), 1 hour, 2 hour, 3 hour |
| Jamshed H, Beyl RA, Della Manna DL, Yang ES, Ravussin E, Peterson CM. Early Time-Restricted Feeding Improves 24-Hour Glucose Levels and Affects Markers of the Circadian Clock, Aging, and Autophagy in Humans. Nutrients. 2019 May 30;11(6):1234. doi: 10.3390/nu11061234. |
| 31339000 | Result | Ravussin E, Beyl RA, Poggiogalle E, Hsia DS, Peterson CM. Early Time-Restricted Feeding Reduces Appetite and Increases Fat Oxidation But Does Not Affect Energy Expenditure in Humans. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2019 Aug;27(8):1244-1254. doi: 10.1002/oby.22518. |
| 31002478 | Result | Hutchison AT, Regmi P, Manoogian ENC, Fleischer JG, Wittert GA, Panda S, Heilbronn LK. Time-Restricted Feeding Improves Glucose Tolerance in Men at Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Crossover Trial. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2019 May;27(5):724-732. doi: 10.1002/oby.22449. Epub 2019 Apr 19. |
| 31023390 | Result | Templeman I, Gonzalez JT, Thompson D, Betts JA. The role of intermittent fasting and meal timing in weight management and metabolic health. Proc Nutr Soc. 2020 Feb;79(1):76-87. doi: 10.1017/S0029665119000636. Epub 2019 Apr 26. |
| 11238777 | Result | Popkin BM. The nutrition transition and obesity in the developing world. J Nutr. 2001 Mar;131(3):871S-873S. doi: 10.1093/jn/131.3.871S. |
| 29486170 | Result | Allison KC, Goel N. Timing of eating in adults across the weight spectrum: Metabolic factors and potential circadian mechanisms. Physiol Behav. 2018 Aug 1;192:158-166. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.02.047. Epub 2018 Feb 24. |
| 28137935 | Result | St-Onge MP, Ard J, Baskin ML, Chiuve SE, Johnson HM, Kris-Etherton P, Varady K; American Heart Association Obesity Committee of the Council on Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health; Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young; Council on Clinical Cardiology; and Stroke Council. Meal Timing and Frequency: Implications for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2017 Feb 28;135(9):e96-e121. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000476. Epub 2017 Jan 30. |