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To compare the impact of pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block to intrathecal morphine on postoperative analgesia, motor function and side effects in patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty under spinal anesthesia.
The study aims to confirm the non-inferiority of PENG block vs intrathecal morphine in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty under spinal anesthesia. Non-inferiority will be assessed regarding maximum pain on a numerical rating scale at rest and during active hip flexion and regarding cumulative morphine consumption during 48 postoperative hours. Impact on quadriceps muscle motor function and side effects including pruritus, nausea and vomiting and hypotension will also be assessed.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| PENG block | Active Comparator | Patients scheduled for primary total hip arthroplasty after receiving spinal anesthesia will undergo pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block. Postoperative multimodal analgesia with paracetamol, etoricoxib and oxycodone |
|
| Intrathecal morphine | Active Comparator | Patients scheduled for primary total hip arthroplasty will receive spinal anesthesia with local anesthetic and morphine administered intrathecally. After onset of spinal anesthesia a sham PENG block will be performed. Postoperative multimodal analgesia with paracetamol, etoricoxib and oxycodone. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block | Procedure | A 22 gauge 120mm nerve block needle will be introduced under ultrasound guidance in plane from superolateral to posteromedial to position the needle tip posterolateral to the ileopsoas tendon in-between the anterior inferior iliac spine and the ileopubic (ileopectineal) eminence and 20ml 0.5% levobupivacaine with 2mg (0.5ml) dexamethasone injected (total volume of injectate 20.5ml) between the tendon and the inferior pubic ramus just proximal to the attachment of the anterior hip capsule |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Maximum pain at rest | maximum pain on a numerical rating scale at rest over first 48 post-operative hours Test treatment (PENG block) is to be considered non-inferior to reference treatment (intrathecal morphine) only if during final data analysis conditions of non-inferiority are met for all 3 co-primary outcomes | 48 postoperative hours |
| Maximum pain with active hip flexion | maximum pain on a numerical rating scale with active 60 degrees hip flexion over first 48 post-operative hours Test treatment (PENG block) is to be considered non-inferior to reference treatment (intrathecal morphine) only if during final data analysis conditions of non-inferiority are met for all 3 co-primary outcomes | 48 postoperative hours |
| cumulative morphine equivalent dose over 48 post-operative hours | cumulative opioid consumption including morphine rescue analgesia will be recorded during the first 48 postoperative hours Test treatment (PENG block) is to be considered non-inferior to reference treatment (intrathecal morphine) only if during final data analysis conditions of non-inferiority are met for all 3 co-primary outcomes | 48 postoperative hours |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Quadriceps muscle motor block | Quadriceps muscle motor function will be evaluated by a straight leg raise test performed at 4,6,12,20 and 24 hours postoperatively | 24 postoperative hours |
| Opioid side effects |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Post Randomization Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Akromion Special Hospital for Orthopedic Surgery | Krapinske Toplice | 49217 | Croatia |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 30063657 | Background | Giron-Arango L, Peng PWH, Chin KJ, Brull R, Perlas A. Pericapsular Nerve Group (PENG) Block for Hip Fracture. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2018 Nov;43(8):859-863. doi: 10.1097/AAP.0000000000000847. | |
| 30105593 | Background | Hess SR, Lahaye LA, Waligora AC, Sima AP, Jiranek WA, Golladay GJ. Safety and side-effect profile of intrathecal morphine in a diverse patient population undergoing total knee and hip arthroplasty. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2019 Jan;29(1):125-129. doi: 10.1007/s00590-018-2293-9. Epub 2018 Aug 13. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010149 | Pain, Postoperative |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011183 | Postoperative Complications |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D010146 | Pain |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003766 | Dental Occlusion |
| D000775 | Anesthesia, Spinal |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003813 | Dentistry |
| D009063 | Dental Physiological Phenomena |
| D055688 | Digestive System and Oral Physiological Phenomena |
| D000765 | Anesthesia, Conduction |
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Non-inferiority randomized triple-blinded controlled trial
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Randomization and study drug preparation by person(s) not involved in patient care, data gathering or outcome evaluation. Group allocation kept in sealed opaque envelope until all data gathered. Outcome assessor/statistician will be blinded as to which group received which intervention
|
| Spinal anesthesia | Procedure | Spinal anesthesia will be performed at the level of the presumed interspace in-between the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae by introducing a 27 gauge pencil-point spinal needle and 15mg of levobupivacaine (3ml) injected intrathecally |
|
| Intrathecal morphine | Drug | 100 micrograms of preservative free morphine diluted to a volume of 0.5ml is added to the local anesthetic solution injected for spinal anesthesia (total injectate volume 3.5ml) |
|
| Sham PENG block | Procedure | A 22 gauge 120mm nerve block needle will be introduced under ultrasound guidance in plane from superolateral to posteromedial to position the needle tip posterolateral to the ileopsoas tendon in-between the anterior inferior iliac spine and the ileopubic (ileopectineal) eminence and a placebo solution consisting of 20.5ml 0.9%NaCl injected between the tendon and the inferior pubic ramus just proximal to the attachment of the anterior hip capsule |
|
| Intrathecal placebo | Drug | 0.5ml of placebo solution (0.9%NaCl) is added to the local anesthetic solution injected for spinal anesthesia (total injectate volume 3.5ml) |
|
The presence of pruritus, nausea and vomiting, hypotension and need for rescue antiemetic medication (ondansetron) will be monitored and recorded
| 48 postoperative hours |
| 34015859 | Background | Anger M, Valovska T, Beloeil H, Lirk P, Joshi GP, Van de Velde M, Raeder J; PROSPECT Working Group* and the European Society of Regional Anaesthesia and Pain Therapy. PROSPECT guideline for total hip arthroplasty: a systematic review and procedure-specific postoperative pain management recommendations. Anaesthesia. 2021 Aug;76(8):1082-1097. doi: 10.1111/anae.15498. Epub 2021 May 20. |
| 40609218 | Derived | Oremus K, Trkulja V, Gasparini G, Sostaric S, Cicak N, Haspl M, Mihaljevic S. Pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block compared to intrathecal morphine for analgesic efficacy in total hip arthroplasty: A placebo-controlled randomized double-blind non-inferiority trial. J Clin Anesth. 2025 Sep;106:111921. doi: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2025.111921. Epub 2025 Jul 2. |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D000758 | Anesthesia |
| D000760 | Anesthesia and Analgesia |