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The corona crisis has a negative impact on the mental wellbeing of the Dutch population. Positive psychology exercises (PPOs) can potentially improve mental well-being and reduce mild and moderate psychological complaints. Previous research has shown moderate to large effects of PPOs on well-being in people with reduced wellbeing and psychological symptoms at baseline. The University of Twente developed an app (Training in Positivity; TiP) based on an effective intervention. The goal of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of TiP in the general population in people experiencing reduced mental wellbeing as a result of the corona crisis. People using the app will be compared to a waiting list control group.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Positive psychology app | Experimental |
| |
| Waiting list | Other |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Training in positivity | Other | The University of Twente developed an evidence-based positive psychology app that is aimed at increasing mental well-being and resilience (Training in positivity; TiP). TiP consists of a 3-week structured intervention, in which participants do two exercises every week for 6 days, aimed at increasing resilience and mental well-being. An exercise takes an average of 15 minutes per day. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Mental well-being | Mental well-being measured with the 14-item Mental Health Continuum-Short Form. Scores are calculated as mean scores and can range from 0 to 5. Higher scores indicate more mental well-being. | Change from baseline mental well-being at 3 weeks (T1) and change from baseline mental well-being at 3 months (T2). |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Ability to adapt | Measured with the 10-item Generic sense of ability to adapt scale. Scores are calculated as sum scores and can range from 10 to 50. Higher scores indicate more ability to adapt. | Change from baseline ability to adapt at 3 weeks (T1) and change from baseline mental well-being at 3 months (T2) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Twente | Enschede | Overijssel | 7522NB | Netherlands |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000092862 | Psychological Well-Being |
| D003863 | Depression |
| D001008 | Anxiety Disorders |
| D000544 | Alzheimer Disease |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010549 | Personal Satisfaction |
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D001526 | Behavioral Symptoms |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
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|
| General self-efficacy |
Measured with the 10-item General Self-Efficacy Scale. Scores are calculated as sum scores and can range from 10 to 40. Higher scores indicate more general self-efficacy. |
| Change from baseline general self-efficacy at 3 weeks (T1) and change from baseline mental well-being at 3 months (T2) |
| Savoring | Measured with the 24-item Savoring Beliefs inventory. Scores are calculated as mean scores and can range from 1 to 7. Higher scores indicate more savoring. | Change from baseline savoring at 3 weeks (T1) and change from baseline mental well-being at 3 months (T2) |
| Self-compassion | Measured with the 8-item self-reassurance subscale of the Forms of self-criticising/attacking & self-reassuring scale. Scores are calculated as mean scores and can range from 0 to 4. Higher scores indicate more self-compassion. | Change from baseline self-compassion at 3 weeks (T1) and change from baseline mental well-being at 3 months (T2) |
| Positive reframing | Measured with 2 items of the positive reframing subscale of the Coping Orientations and Problems Experienced inventory. Scores are calculated as mean scores and can range from 1 to 4. Higher scores indicate more positive reframing. | Change from baseline positive reframing at 3 weeks (T1) and change from baseline mental well-being at 3 months (T2) |
| Anxiety symptoms | Measured with the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 questionnaire. Scores are calculated as sum scores and can range from 0 to 21. Higher scores indicate more anxiety symptoms. | Change from baseline anxiety symptoms at 3 weeks (T1) and change from baseline mental well-being at 3 months (T2) |
| Depression symptoms | Measured with the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Scores are calculated as sum scores and can range from 0 to 27. Higher scores indicate more depression symptoms. | Change from baseline ability to adapt at 3 weeks (T1) and change from baseline mental well-being at 3 months (T2) |
| Spiritual well-being | Measured with the 7-item Spiritual Attitude and Involvement List-Short Form. Scores are calculated as mean scores and can range from 1 to 6. Higher scores indicate more spiritual well-being. | Change from baseline spiritual well-being at 3 weeks (T1) and change from baseline mental well-being at 3 months (T2) |
| D003704 |
| Dementia |
| D001927 | Brain Diseases |
| D002493 | Central Nervous System Diseases |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D024801 | Tauopathies |
| D019636 | Neurodegenerative Diseases |
| D019965 | Neurocognitive Disorders |