This is a non-profit phase II, randomized clinical study of the combination of avelumab plus cetuximab as rechallenge strategy, compared to cetuximab alone, in pre-treated RAS/BRAF wild type metastatic colorectal cancer patients (according to liquid biopsy at baseline). Patients have been treated in first line with chemotherapy in combination with cetuximab and have had a clinical benefit (complete or partial response) from treatment.

This is a non-profit phase II, open-label, randomized clinical study of the combination of avelumab plus cetuximab as rechallenge strategy in pre-treated RAS, BRAF wild type metastatic colorectal cancer patients treated in first line with chemotherapy in combination with cetuximab and have had a clinical benefit (complete or partial response) from treatment.

173 patients will be randomized (2:1) as follows: cetuximab + avelumab (115 patients) or cetuximab only (58 patients). For each patient, before treatment, a blood sample will be obtained and analyzed for circulating free tumorDNA, to identify RAS/BRAF wild type patient to be enrolled. The same procedure will be performed at progression of the disease. Treatment will continue until:

• disease progression.
• significant clinical deterioration
• any criterion for withdrawal from the trial or trial drug is fulfilled
• treatment may continue past the initial determination of disease progression according to RECIST 1.1. if the subject's performance status has remained stable, and if in the opinion of the Investigator, the subject will benefit from continued treatment and if other criteria are fulfilled as outlined in the protocol, that is, no new symptoms or worsening of existing symptoms and no decrease in performance score.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Signed written informed consent before any trial-related procedure is undertaken that is not part of the standard patient management.
2. Male or female subjects aged ≥ 18 years.
3. Histologically proven diagnosis of colorectal adenocarcinoma.
4. Diagnosis of metastatic disease.
5. RAS (NRAS and KRAS exon 2,3 and 4) and BRAF wild-type in liquid biopsy at screening (according to NGS, Foundation/Roche).
6. Efficacy of a first line therapy containing cetuximab with a major response achieved (i.e. complete or partial response according to RECIST criteria v1.1).
7. Received a second line therapy.
8. More than 4 months since the last dose of cetuximab administered in first line treatment before randomization.
9. Measurable disease according to RECIST criteria v1.1.
10. ECOG PS of 0 to 1 at trial entry.
11. Estimated life expectancy of more than 12 weeks.
12. Adequate hematological function defined by white blood cell (WBC) count ≥ 2.5 × 109/L with absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1.5 × 109/L, lymphocyte count ≥ 0.5 × 109/L, platelet count ≥ 100 × 109/L, and hemoglobin ≥ 9 g/dL (may have been transfused).
13. Adequate hepatic function defined by a total bilirubin level ≤ 1.5 × the upper limit of normal (ULN) range and AST and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels ≤ 2.5 × ULN for all subjects or AST and ALT levels ≤ 5 x ULN (for subjects with documented metastatic disease to the liver).
14. Adequate renal function defined by an estimated creatinine clearance > 30 mL/min according to the Cockcroft-Gault formula (or local institutional standard method).
15. Effective contraception for both male and female subjects throughout the study and for at least 2 months after last study treatment administration if the risk of conception exists (Note: The effects of the trial drug on the developing human fetus are unknown; thus, women of childbearing potential and men must agree to use effective contraception, defined as 2 barrier methods, or 1 barrier method with a spermicide, an intrauterine device, or use of oral female contraceptive. Should a woman become pregnant or suspect she is pregnant while she or her partner is participating in this trial, the treating physician should be informed immediately).
16. No prior immunotherapy

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Any contraindication to cetuximab and/or avelumab.

2. Past or current history of malignancies other than colorectal carcinoma, except for curatively treated basal and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin or in situ carcinoma of the cervix.

3. Pregnancy.

4. Breastfeeding.

5. Participation in a clinical study or experimental drug treatment within 30 days before enrollment.

6. Subjects receiving immunosuppressive agents (such as steroids) for any reason, should be tapered off these drugs before initiation of the trial treatment, with the exception of:

   • Subjects with adrenal insufficiency, who may continue corticosteroids at physiologic replacement dose, equivalent to ≤ 10 mg prednisone daily
   • Intranasal, inhaled, topical steroids,
   • Local steroid injection (e.g., intra-articular injection)
   • Systemic corticosteroids at physiologic doses ≤ 10 mg/day of prednisone or equivalent
   • Steroids as premedication for hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., CT scan premedication)

7. All subjects with brain metastases, except those meeting the following criteria:

   • Brain metastases have been treated locally
   • No ongoing neurological symptoms related to the brain localization of the disease (sequelae that are a consequence of the treatment of the brain metastases are acceptable)

8. Prior organ transplantation, including allogeneic stemcell transplantation

9. Significant acute or chronic infections including, among others:

   • Known history of positive test for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or known acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
   • Hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection at screening (positive HBV surface antigen or HCV RNA if anti-HCV antibody screening test positive)

10. Active autoimmune disease that might deteriorate when receiving an immunostimulatory agent:

    • Subjects with diabetes type I, vitiligo, psoriasis, hypo- or hyperthyroid disease not requiring immunosuppressive treatment are eligible.
    • Subjects requiring hormone replacement with corticosteroids are eligible if steroids are administered only for the purpose of hormonal replacement and at doses ≤ 10 mg or equivalent prednisone per day.
    • Administration of steroids through a route known to result in a minimal systemic exposure (topical, intranasal, intro-ocular, or inhalation) are acceptable.
    • Active infection requiring systemic therapy.

11. Previous or ongoing administration of systemic steroids for the management of an acute allergic phenomenon is acceptable as long as it is anticipated that the administration of steroids will be completed in 14 days, or that the daily dose after 14 days will be ≤ 10 mg per day of equivalent prednisone.

12. Known severe hypersensitivity to investigational product or any component in its formulations, including known severe hypersensitivity reactions to monoclonal antibodies (NCI CTCAE v 5 Grade ≥ 3), any history of anaphylaxis, or uncontrolled asthma (that is, 3 or more features of partially controlled asthma).

13. History of hypersensitivity to Polysorbate 80 that led to unacceptable toxicity requiring treatment cessation.

14. Persisting toxicity related to prior therapy of Grade > 1 NCI- CTCAE v 5.0.

15. Known alcohol or drug abuse.

16. Clinically significant (that is active) cardiovascular disease: cerebral vascular accident/stroke (<6 months prior to enrollment), myocardial infarction (<6 months prior to enrollment), unstable angina, congestive heart failure (New York Heart Association Classification Class ≥ II), or serious uncontrolled cardiac arrhythmia requiring medication.

17. History of keratitis, ulcerative keratitis or severe dry eye. Since contact lent use is also a risk factor for keratitis and ulceration, it is not recommended.

18. Other severe acute or chronic medical conditions including immune colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, immune pneumonitis, pulmonary fibrosis or psychiatric conditions including recent (within the past year) or active suicidal ideation or behavior; or laboratory abnormalities that may increase the risk associated with study participation or study treatment administration or may interfere with the interpretation of study results and, in the judgment of the investigator, would make the patient inappropriate for entry into this study.

19. Vaccination within 4 weeks of the first dose of avelumab and cetuximab and while on treatment is prohibited except for administration of inactivated vaccine (i.e. inactivated influenza vaccine)

20. Legal incapacity or limited legal capacity.