the purpose of this study is to identify multi-dimensional immunological biomarkers including cytokines, autoantibodies, and immune cell subtypes of immune-related adverse events (primary) and prognosis(secondary) in the anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy for lung cancer

After being informed of the study and potential risk, all patients giving written informed consent will undergo peripheral blood sample collection at baseline (before treatment ), 1month and 3month after treatment initiation, and when immune-related adverse events ever occur. The follow-up period will be 1 year for any occurrence of immune-related adverse events and 2 years follow-up for the prognosis.

Inclusion Criteria:

• 18-80 years of age
• Stage I-IV Lung Cancer confirmed by histopathology or imaging techniques
• Receiving anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy (with indication and no contraindication)

Exclusion Criteria:

• Other cancer treatment
• Other malignancies

Patients at a national tertiary referral center for lung cancer treatment