Small fetuses will be classified into 5 severity stages and managed as follows:

• SGA: Estimated fetal weight (EFW) between p3 and p10 with normal Dopplers. Ultrasound/2 weeks, elective vaginal delivery at ≥39-40 weeks.
• Stage I: EFW ≤p3 p or EFW p3-10 + UA PI >p95 and/or UtA PI >p95, and, at ≥32 weeks, CPR and/or MCA PI <p5, in 2 occasions >12 hours apart. Ultrasound weekly, elective vaginal delivery at ≥37 weeks.
• Stage II: AEDF UA in 2 occasions >12 hours apart. Ultrasound every 48-72h, elective Cesarean delivery at ≥34 weeks.
• Stage III: DV PI > p95 (or absent DV "a" wave) or reversed end-diastolic UA >50% of cycles, in both cases in two occasions > 6 hours apart. Ultrasound every 24-48h, elective Cesarean delivery at ≥30 weeks.
• Stage IV: reversed DV "a" wave in two occasions > 6 hours apart. Elective Cesarean delivery at ≥26 weeks.

Doppler protocol (as in controls) + sFlt-1/PlGF ratio cutoffs will be incorporated as follows:

• <38: Ultrasound biweekly in stage I FGR and every four weeks in SGA. In both cases delivery at ≥39-40 weeks.
• 38-110: In stage I FGR and SGA ultrasound weekly. Delivery at ≥37 weeks.
• >110: In stage I FGR and SGA ultrasound weekly. Delivery at ≥36 weeks.
• >110 and concurrent preeclampsia: In stage I FGR and SGA ultrasound every 48h-72h. Delivery at ≥34 weeks.
• >201: Ultrasound every 48-72h, delivery at ≥34+0 weeks. If concurrent preeclampsia, delivery at ≥32+0 weeks.
• >655: Ultrasound every 48-72h, delivery at ≥32+0 weeks. If concurrent preeclampsia, delivery at ≥30+0 weeks.
• >1000: In cases with concurrent PE, delivery at ≥29+0 weeks.

soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase to placental growth factor ratio (sFlt-1/PlGF) will be incorporated to the management of early-onset small fetuses (estimated fetal weight ≤10th percentile)

stillbirth, neonatal death, artery cord pH ≤7.0, respiratory distress syndrome, required invasive ventilatory support, grade III or IV intraventricular hemorrhage, neonatal sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis, neonatal seizures, pneumonia, meningitis, broncopulmonary dysplasia, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, Apgar score <7 at 5 minutes, or elective delivery at <28 weeks of gestation.

Progression to PE with severity features; progression to hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count (HELLP) syndrome (LDH >600 IU/L, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevated more than twice the upper limit of normal, and the platelet count less than 100 X 109/L); eclampsia, stroke, hepatic hematoma or rupture; oliguria (urine output of <400 mL during 24 hours, or need for treatment with furosemide to maintain urine output at >400 mL for 24 hours); cardiovascular dysfunction (need for inotropic support, left ventricle failure, or myocardial infarction); placental abruption; maternal death; maternal admission to intensive care unit >48 hours, and/or requirement for blood transfusion.

Mean and sd or median and IQR of the score obtained in the perceived stress scale in each group

transient tachypnea, non-invasive ventilatory support, hypoglycemia, neonatal jaundice (treated with phototherapy), rate of elective deliveries < 30 weeks, <34 weeks and < 37 weeks for FGR and/or PE, birthweight <3 rd and <10th percentiles, mode of delivery (vaginal, instrumental vaginal delivery and Cesarean), rate of Cesarean delivery for abnormal CTG, median maternal stay in ICU, median neonatal stay in N-ICU, maternal corticosteroids (single dose, complete course), prenatal magnesium sulfate (at least 4h) for preterm delivery.