The prediction and early detection of acute renal failure associated with cardiac surgery (ARF-CS) are desirable in order to try to reduce its magnitude. Indeed, its incidence is high (29 to 36%, reaching up to 81% in some series, depending on the vulnerability of the target population) and its consequences are often serious: prolongation of the length of stay in the intensive care unit and in hospital, death, and evolution towards chronic renal failure, possibly end-stage (justifying long-term extra-renal purification and/or renal transplantation). The challenge is all the more crucial given the high volume of cardiac surgery. In this context, the objective of identifying early on patients at high risk of developing AKI-CC - and therefore eligible for "nephroprotective" measures has generated, in the last decade, a strong interrest around preoperative scores and biomarkers. Thus, more than ten models predicting AKI-CC have been developed and more than 150 candidate biomarkers have been identified since 2004. This insterest is not waning. The DETECT-AKI project aims to evaluate, in a large population (N=400 patients) with varied patient profiles, not only the performance of the most innovative and promising preoperative scores and biomarkers described in the literature, but also the combination of biomarkers with relevant perioperative clinical and biological data in the framework of a clinico-biological score for the early identification of AKI-CC

The DETECT-AKI study aims at establishing an innovative composite score, the basis for decision making in the early initiation of nephroprotection measures. This score will include early clinical and biological data before, during and after surgery and may therefore include one or more modern biomarkers. The DETECT-AKI study foresees from the outset the internal validation of the score by bootstrap method: first essential step for the subsequent application of the established score. This is also one of the strengths of the study.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Adults undergoing scheduled, combined, cardiac surgery with CEC.

• "Combined" cardiac surgery (as opposed to simple cardiac surgery, which is less likely to result in ARF-CC) involves:

  • 2 heart valves (and possibly other procedures) or ≥2 types of procedures among coronary artery bypass graft(s), valve, myocardial, and thoracic aortic surgery.

• A "scheduled" surgical procedure implies that the patient was added to the operative schedule more than 24 hours before the procedure.

Exclusion Criteria:

• unscheduled cardiac surgery
• at least one session of extra-renal purification in the week prior to surgery
• Patient refusal to participate in this research,
• participation in a study with a possible impact on the incidence of AKI-CC
• pregnant woman
• minor, adult under guardianship, protected person.
• no biomarker concentrations were measured and no clinico-biological scores were determined,
• no pre-CEC creatinine assay is available,
• the patient dies before H48 unless AKI-CC has occurred in the interim,
• the patient withdraws consent to participate in the study.

Adults undergoing scheduled, combined, cardiac surgery with CC inducing possible acute kidney injury as a consequence