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When the literature search is conducted, it is seen that there are many studies examining the effects of COVID-19 disease on individuals in various disease groups (MS, stroke, Parkinson, COPD, asthma, etc.) and age groups (adult, geriatric, etc.). However, it has been determined that there is no study examining the impacts of this disease on functional capacity, physical activity, pulmonary function, emotional state, sleep, and quality of life in healthy young adults. This study will reveal whether COVID-19 disease causes an effect on the mentioned parameters in young adults. The aim of recent study is to investigate functional capacity, respiration, pain, depression, sleep and quality of life in young adults post COVID-19. For this purpose, participants' upper extremity and lower extremity muscle strength, 6-minute walking distance, O2 saturation, posture evaluation, spirometric evaluation, pain threshold, pain intensity, dyspnea, and leg fatigue measurements will be recorded. In addition to these measurements, general fatigue, quality of life, depression, physical activity level, sleep quality parameters will be evaluated and the data obtained will be analyzed with appropriate statistical methods.
The goals of recent work,
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| post COVID-19 group | Experimental | In this group cases, who were infected with COVID-19 and had at least 12 weeks after diagnosis, will be allocated. Those should have no symptoms of COVID-19 such as fever, cough, ageusia, anosmia, diarrhea, arthralgia, myalgia, sore throat, headache, chest pain. |
|
| healthy control group | Active Comparator | In this group cases, who were not infected with COVID-19 will be allocated. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Evaluation of Pulmonary and Extrapulmonary Impacts of COVID-19 on Young Adults | Other | Participants' upper extremity and lower extremity muscle strength, 6-minute walking distance, O2 saturation, posture evaluation, spirometric evaluation, pain threshold, pain intensity, dyspnea, and leg fatigue measurements will be recorded. In addition to these measurements, general fatigue, quality of life, depression, physical activity level, sleep quality parameters will be evaluated and the data obtained will be analyzed with appropriate statistical methods. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| 6-minute walk test | unit: meters | up to 6 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| magnitude of muscle strength of upper and lower extremity | unit: Newtons | up to 6 months |
| value of O2 saturation | unit: percent | up to 6 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The post-COVID-19 functional status (PCFS) scale | The post-COVID-19 functional status (PCFS) scale focuses on relevant aspects of daily life during follow-up after the infection. The scale is intended to help users becoming aware of current functional limitations in COVID-19 patients, whether or not as a result of the specific infection, and to objectively determine this degree of disability. As such, the scale is not meant to replace other relevant instruments for measuring quality of life, tiredness or dyspnoea, but is developed to use as an additional tool for evaluating the ultimate consequences of COVID-19 on functional status. The scale is ordinal, has 6 steps ranging from 0 (no symptoms) to 5 (death, D), and covers the entire range of functional outcomes by focusing on limitations in usual duties/activities either at home or at work/study, as well as changes in lifestyle. |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Istanbul Arel University | Istanbul | Zeytinburnu | 34010 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 33393277 | Result | Tuzun S, Keles A, Okutan D, Yildiran T, Palamar D. Assessment of musculoskeletal pain, fatigue and grip strength in hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2021 Aug;57(4):653-662. doi: 10.23736/S1973-9087.20.06563-6. Epub 2021 Jan 4. | |
| 34510481 | Result | Lee CC, Wu HJ, Chiou WB. Reminders of COVID-19 social distancing can intensify physical pain. Br J Soc Psychol. 2022 Apr;61(2):587-598. doi: 10.1111/bjso.12498. Epub 2021 Sep 12. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000086382 | COVID-19 |
| D053120 | Respiratory Aspiration |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011024 | Pneumonia, Viral |
| D011014 | Pneumonia |
| D012141 | Respiratory Tract Infections |
| D007239 | Infections |
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|
| Corbin's postural assessment | This scale has a total score range between 0-18. Every subscore range refers to specific situations about posture. These are mentioned below: 0-4: Excellent 5-7: Very good 8-10: Good 11-13: Fair 14 or more: Poor | up to 6 months |
| spirometer testing | FEV1, FVC, FEV1/FVC values | up to 6 months |
| pressure pain threshold | unit: Newtons/cm2 | up to 6 months |
| pain intensity | unit: millimeters (according to Visual Analog Scale) | up to 6 months |
| dyspnea severity | (according to Modified Borg Scale) This scale has a total score range between 0-10. Every subscore refers to specific situations about dyspnea. These are mentioned below: 0: No Exertion 0.5: Very very Slight
7: Very Severe 8 9: Very very Severe 10: Maximal | up to 6 months |
| leg fatigue | (according to Modified Borg Scale) This scale has a total score range between 0-10. Every subscore refers to specific situations about leg fatigue. These are mentioned below: 0: No Exertion 0.5: Very very Slight
7: Very Severe 8 9: Very very Severe 10: Maximal | up to 6 months |
| general fatigue | (according to Fatigue Severity Scale) This scale has a 9-item which measures the severity of fatigue and its effect on a person's activities and lifestyle in patients. Its minimum value is 9 and the maximum is 63. The higher the score indicates more severe fatigue and more impact on the person's activities. | up to 6 months |
| quality of life questionnaire | (according to Short Form-36) This form contains 36 questions. There are 8 different parameters of the questionnaire. These are mentioned below:
| up to 6 months |
| depression severity | (according to Beck Depression Inventory) This inventory has a score range between 0-63. Certain score ranges refer to specific conditions. These are mentioned below: 1-10: normal 11-16: Mild mood disturbance 17-20: Borderline clinical depression 21-30: Moderate depression 31-40: Severe depression over 40: Extreme depression | up to 6 months |
| physical activity level (according to International Physical Activity Questionnaire/short form) | In this form, there are 4 different activities which have a certain MET level. The formule which is used for obtain a total score is presented below: -MET level x minutes of activity x events per week According to total score, a classification is established: Inactive
HEPA active Any one of the following criterias
| up to 6 months |
| quality of sleep | (according to Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index) This index has 7 components and overall scoring alters between 0-21 points. 0 point indicates no difficulty while 21 points indicate severe difficulties. | up to 6 months |
| up to 6 months |
| 34080125 | Result | Tanriverdi A, Savci S, Kahraman BO, Ozpelit E. Extrapulmonary features of post-COVID-19 patients: muscle function, physical activity, mood, and sleep quality. Ir J Med Sci. 2022 Jun;191(3):969-975. doi: 10.1007/s11845-021-02667-3. Epub 2021 Jun 2. |
| D014777 |
| Virus Diseases |
| D018352 | Coronavirus Infections |
| D003333 | Coronaviridae Infections |
| D030341 | Nidovirales Infections |
| D012327 | RNA Virus Infections |
| D008171 | Lung Diseases |
| D012140 | Respiratory Tract Diseases |
| D012120 | Respiration Disorders |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |