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Basketball is an impact, coordination-opposition sport with continuous contact among players and it is considered a sport of medium-high injury incidence. Players are force to have a physical condition appropriate to their practice and the demand to which they must respond due to the intensity of the efforts this sport requires. In order to achieve this, it is necessary to establish an evaluation protocol that allows the detection of functional deficiencies, to guide and conduct in a specific and early way every moment of players' health and growth.
The purpose of this study is to design, apply and analyze the effectiveness of a specific and individualized therapeutic exercise program (Basketball Pre-injury Attack) based on the approach of the functional deficiencies detected by the Basketball Injury Defense, to reduce the susceptibility to injury of youth basketball players (U14 - U17).
The aim of this study is to design, apply and analyze the effectiveness of a specific and individualized therapeutic exercise program (Basketball Pre-injury Attack) based on the approach of functional deficiencies detected by the Basketball Injury Defense, to reduce the susceptibility to injury of training federated basketball players.
The specific objectives are:
To improve the deficiencies detected in mobility, stability, symmetry and jumping/landing technique of basketball players in training categories (U14, U16 and U17).
To structure and determine the contents of a specific and individualized therapeutic exercise program (Basketball Preinjury Attack) designed to improve the functional deficiencies of mobility, stability, symmetry and jumping/landing technique of training basketball players based on current scientific evidence.
To analyze whether adherence to the program is achieved by raising players' awareness of the importance and benefits of performing the exercises with correct technique.
To assess whether a decrease in the susceptibility to injury of training federated basketball players is achieved.
For this purpose, an experimental study was conducted as a single-blind, randomized, cluster-controlled clinical trial during the months of June 2019 to February 2020 (9 months). For the development of the methodology of this study, the guidelines of the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) Statement were followed.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Basketball pre-injury attack program | Experimental | The intervention group carried out a program for 24 weeks. The participant had to perform the program 3 days per week for 12-15' each day (training days with the team, prior to group activation). |
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| Control | No Intervention | The control group performed only the initial, follow-up (12 weeks) and final (24 weeks) evaluations. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Basketball Pre-injury Attack program | Other | The intervention had a total duration of 24 weeks, with 3 sessions per week (before starting training) with a total duration of 12 to 15 minutes per session. Each session consisted of 8 exercises with a load of 2 to 3 series between 6 and 12 repetitions; and with a rest at the end of each series of <60 seconds. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Ankle dorsiflexion under load | The Weight-bearing Lunge Test measured with the Leg Motion® system (Check Your Motion, Albacete) was used. Ankle dorsiflexion was recorded in centimeters. | 1 year |
| Active hip, knee and ankle dorsiflexion | The Hurdle Step Test measured with the Leg Motion® system (Check Your Motion, Albacete) was used. A frontal and sagittal view was recorded with two filming devices so that the results could be analyzed later. Impairment was considered in those cases in which the subject was not able to step the foot over the rope during the hurdle step or if he/she performed adduction, internal or external rotation of the hip, and lost alignment between the hip, knee and ankle. | 1 year |
| Ankle stability in monopodal loading | The Single Leg Squat Test was used and the criteria established by Perrot were used: it was considered stable if the foot remained in neutral position during the movement; and unstable if excessive pronation of the foot was evident during the movement or external rotation of the leg. To analyze the results, a frontal and sagittal view was recorded with two filming devices. | 1 year |
| Monopodal dynamic knee valgus | The Single Leg Squat Test was used. The evaluator recorded a frontal and sagittal view with two filming devices. The knee was considered to be aligned if the patella was over the second toe. | 1 year |
| Lumbo-pelvic stability | It was evaluated qualitatively with the Single Leg Squat Test and the Hurdle Step Test. To analyze the results, a frontal and sagittal view was recorded with two filming devices and the criteria established by Perrot were used. It was considered stable if there was minimal movement in all three planes, the pelvic girdle was aligned and there was no evidence of excessive anteroposterior tilt and/or trunk rotation. It was considered unstable if these criteria were not met. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Age | Recorded in years. | 1 year |
| Category | According to the age of the participant could compete in 3 categories: U14, U16 or U17. | 1 year |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Cristina Adillón, MsC | University Rovira i Virgili | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Federación Catalana de Baloncesto | Barcelona | 08018 | Spain |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 28070457 | Background | Romero Morales C, Calvo Lobo C, Rodriguez Sanz D, Sanz Corbalan I, Ruiz Ruiz B, Lopez Lopez D. The concurrent validity and reliability of the Leg Motion system for measuring ankle dorsiflexion range of motion in older adults. PeerJ. 2017 Jan 3;5:e2820. doi: 10.7717/peerj.2820. eCollection 2017. | |
| 24911356 | Background |
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Randomized controlled trial
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The study was blinded to the investigators who performed both recruitment and assessments. In this way, detection bias could be controlled. It was not possible to perform a double-blind study, since it was a physical intervention and the player knew that he/she was undergoing an intervention program.
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| 1 year |
| Dynamic postural stability | It was analyzed qualitatively with the Single Leg Squat Test. The test was recorded with two filming devices (frontal and sagittal) and the criteria established by Perrot and Crossley were used. For this purpose, the deviation of the trunk with respect to the center of gravity was observed. It was considered stable if there was minimal translation of the center of mass, i.e., no lateral flexion/tilt, rotation or trunk flexion/extension. | 1 year |
| Jumping/landing technique | It was analyzed with de Single Hop for distance Test. Ankle stability at landing, dynamic knee valgus, lumbopelvic stability and dynamic postural stability were analyzed. | 1 year |
| Symmetry between the dominant and non-dominant limb | From the distance obtained in the Single Hop for distance Test, the Symmetry Index was calculated using the formula: (Distance dominant limb/Distance non-dominant limb)*100. | 1 year |
| Gender | Female or male. | 1 year |
| Weight | Weight was recorded in kg. | 1 year |
| Height | Height was recorded in cm. | 1 year |
| Body Mass Index (BMI) | It was calculated from the following formula [weight (kg) / height2 (m)]. | 1 year |
| Wingspan | The horizontal wingspan was recorded in cm. | 1 year |
| Aerts I, Cumps E, Verhagen E, Wuyts B, Van De Gucht S, Meeusen R. The effect of a 3-month prevention program on the jump-landing technique in basketball: a randomized controlled trial. J Sport Rehabil. 2015 Feb;24(1):21-30. doi: 10.1123/jsr.2013-0099. Epub 2014 Jun 6. |
| 16282579 | Background | Myer GD, Ford KR, McLean SG, Hewett TE. The effects of plyometric versus dynamic stabilization and balance training on lower extremity biomechanics. Am J Sports Med. 2006 Mar;34(3):445-55. doi: 10.1177/0363546505281241. Epub 2005 Nov 10. |
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| Background | Moody JA, Naclerio F, Green P, Lloyd RS. Motor skill development in youths. En: Lloyd R, Oliver JL. Strength and Conditioning for Young Athletes: Science and Application. 1ª edición. New York:Routledge;2014 |
| 25144599 | Background | Dill KE, Begalle RL, Frank BS, Zinder SM, Padua DA. Altered knee and ankle kinematics during squatting in those with limited weight-bearing-lunge ankle-dorsiflexion range of motion. J Athl Train. 2014 Nov-Dec;49(6):723-32. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-49.3.29. |
| 27418341 | Background | Baumbach SF, Braunstein M, Seeliger F, Borgmann L, Bocker W, Polzer H. Ankle dorsiflexion: what is normal? Development of a decision pathway for diagnosing impaired ankle dorsiflexion and M. gastrocnemius tightness. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2016 Sep;136(9):1203-1211. doi: 10.1007/s00402-016-2513-x. Epub 2016 Jul 14. |
| 29181258 | Background | Gonzalo-Skok O, Serna J, Rhea MR, Marin PJ. AGE DIFFERENCES IN MEASURES OF FUNCTIONAL MOVEMENT AND PERFORMANCE IN HIGHLY YOUTH BASKETBALL PLAYERS. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2017 Oct;12(5):812-821. |
| 6734680 | Background | Branta C, Haubenstricker J, Seefeldt V. Age changes in motor skills during childhood and adolescence. Exerc Sport Sci Rev. 1984;12:467-520. |
| 28149351 | Background | Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe A, Gual G, Romero-Rodriguez D, Unnitha V. Lower Limb Neuromuscular Asymmetry in Volleyball and Basketball Players. J Hum Kinet. 2016 Apr 13;50:135-143. doi: 10.1515/hukin-2015-0150. eCollection 2016 Apr 1. |
| 24105612 | Background | Doherty C, Delahunt E, Caulfield B, Hertel J, Ryan J, Bleakley C. The incidence and prevalence of ankle sprain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective epidemiological studies. Sports Med. 2014 Jan;44(1):123-40. doi: 10.1007/s40279-013-0102-5. |
| 18523566 | Background | McKeon PO, Hertel J. Systematic review of postural control and lateral ankle instability, part I: can deficits be detected with instrumented testing. J Athl Train. 2008 May-Jun;43(3):293-304. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-43.3.293. |
| 22263111 | Background | Perrott MA, Pizzari T, Opar M, Cook J. Development of clinical rating criteria for tests of lumbopelvic stability. Rehabil Res Pract. 2012;2012:803637. doi: 10.1155/2012/803637. Epub 2011 Dec 29. |
| 24412892 | Background | Teyhen D, Bergeron MF, Deuster P, Baumgartner N, Beutler AI, de la Motte SJ, Jones BH, Lisman P, Padua DA, Pendergrass TL, Pyne SW, Schoomaker E, Sell TC, O'Connor F. Consortium for health and military performance and American College of Sports Medicine Summit: utility of functional movement assessment in identifying musculoskeletal injury risk. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2014 Jan-Feb;13(1):52-63. doi: 10.1249/JSR.0000000000000023. |
| 15722287 | Background | Hewett TE, Myer GD, Ford KR, Heidt RS Jr, Colosimo AJ, McLean SG, van den Bogert AJ, Paterno MV, Succop P. Biomechanical measures of neuromuscular control and valgus loading of the knee predict anterior cruciate ligament injury risk in female athletes: a prospective study. Am J Sports Med. 2005 Apr;33(4):492-501. doi: 10.1177/0363546504269591. Epub 2005 Feb 8. |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001265 | Athletic Injuries |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014947 | Wounds and Injuries |
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