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Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) has become a common procedure in thoracic surgery. Severe postoperative pain may be encountered in patients undergoing VATS. Analgesic methods such as thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB), intercostal block, serratus anterior plane block (SAPB), and erector spinae plane block (ESPB) are widely used for VATS. Among these methods, ultrasound (US) guided TPVB is the most preferred method. In recent years, the frequency of application of plane blocks as a component of multimodal analgesia has been increased. ESPB and SAPB are some of them. There are two techniques for SAPB application. In Deep SAPB (DSAPB) application, a local anesthetic agent is given under the serratus anterior muscle. In the Superficial SAPB (SSAPB) application, the local anesthetic agent is given above the serratus anterior muscle. Since it is done by entering from the same point in two applications, it is possible to perform these two applications at the same time with a single needle entry. The mechanisms of regional analgesia techniques used after thoracic surgery operations are also different from each other. Therefore, it may be possible to obtain a more effective analgesic effect in patients by combining the mechanism of action of DSAPB and SSAPB, as in the multimodal analgesia method. This study seeks to evaluate the effect of TPVB and combined SAPB (CSAPB) after VATS.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Combined Serratus Anterior Plane Block | Active Comparator | In patients who are planned to have combined deep and superficial serratus anterior plane block, following the visualization of the anatomical structures, the nerve block needle will be advanced via the in-plane technique beneath the serratus anterior muscles until the interfascial space was reached. After hydrodissection with 2 ml normal saline, 15 ml 0.25% bupivacaine will be injected into the area. Then, with the same needle, will be returned 1-2 cm from the deep serratus anterior area to the superficial serratus anterior area above the serratus anterior muscle and injected 2 ml normal saline for hydrodissection. Finally, 15 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine will be injected for the superficial serratus anterior block into the interfacial area. |
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| Thoracic Paravertebral Block | Active Comparator | In patients who are planned to have a thoracic paravertebral block, the needle will be advanced to the paravertebral area with ultrasound-guided in-plane technique. 30 ml of 0.25% bupivacaine will be injected into this area. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Combined Serratus Anterior Plane Block | Procedure | Combined deep and superficial serratus anterior plane block will be applied to the patients under real-time ultrasound guidance. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pain Scores | Pain will be assessed at rest and while coughing using the visual analog scale on a scale from 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst pain). Pain assessment will be done at 1st, 2nd, 4th, 8th, 16th, 24th and 48th hours after surgery. | 48 hours after surgery |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Morphine Consumption | Morphine consumption for 24 hours will be recorded | 24 hours after surgery |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Musa Zengin, MD | Atatürk Chest Diseases and Chest Surgery Training and Research Hospital | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ankara Atatürk Chest Disease and Chest Surgery Training and Research Hospital | Keçiören | Ankara | 06000 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
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| Thoracic Paravertebral Block | Drug | Thoracic paravertebral block will be applied to the patients under real-time ultrasound guidance. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010149 | Pain, Postoperative |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011183 | Postoperative Complications |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D010146 | Pain |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D004364 | Pharmaceutical Preparations |
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