This multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted to compare the eradication efficacy and health economic benefits of individualized regimens based on HP drug resistance mutation gene detection (multiple PCR method), individualized regimens based on HP traditional drug sensitivity testing (E-test method) and empirical regimens in the Helicobacter pylori treatment.

This multicenter randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted to compare the eradication efficacy and health economic benefits of individualized regimens based on HP drug resistance mutation gene detection (multiple PCR method), individualized regimens based on HP traditional drug sensitivity testing (E-test method) and empirical regimens in the treatment of Helicobacter pylori in patients with chronic gastritis. This study will compare the efficacy of individualized and empirical drug sensitivity regimens, and conduct cost-effectiveness analysis to provide pharmacoeconomic guidance for clinical decision-making. At the same time, it will provide reference for the reasonable pricing of H.pylori drug sensitivity test and considering the health benefits brought by its inclusion in medical insurance.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Participate in the trial voluntarily, fully understand the trial, and sign the informed consent form (ICF).
• 18-75 years old on the day of signing the ICF.
• Helicobacter pylori infection confirmed by 13C-urea breath test or rapid urease test.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients with severe heart, lung, kidney, liver, blood, nerve, endocrine, and psychiatric diseases.
• Subjects or guardians refused to participate in the trial.
• Alcohol and/or drugs Abuse (addiction or dependence) or poor compliance with doctor's judgment.
• Have taken antibiotics, bismuth, proton pump inhibitors or Chinese traditional medicine 4 weeks before treatment.
• Pregnant or lactating women.
• Active peptic ulcer.
• allergic to drugs used in the trial.
• any other circumstances that are not suitable for recruitment.

Individual participant data that underlie the results reported in this article, after deidentification (text, tables, figures, and appendices) will be available from the principal investigator Hong Gao at gao.hong@zs-hospital.sh.cn, beginning 6 months and ending 5 years after the trial results were published. The study protocol and statistical analysis plan are available online from https://clinicaltrials.gov/. All proposals requesting data access will need to specify how it is planned to use the data, and all proposals will need approval of all investigators before data release.

Beginning 6 months and ending 5 years after the trial results were published.

All proposals requesting data access will need to specify how it is planned to use the data, and all proposals will need approval of all investigators before data release.

The technicians, who performed culture, antimicrobial susceptibility testing or urea breath test were blinded to treatment allocation.