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Investigators will conduct a retrospective chart review, examining the impact of chronic kidney disease on risk of myocardial injury after non cardiac surgery (MINS). The objective of this study is to examine interactions between preoperative Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) and the association between preoperative N-Terminal Pro B-Type Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP) and post operative cardiac events in patients undergoing major non cardiac surgery.
In recent years some authors have shown a correlation between increased post operative troponin and increased 30 day mortality in patients with kidney disease that mirrors the known correlation in those with normal renal function. In patients undergoing non cardiac surgery, Walsh et al demonstrated a 4 to 6 fold increased risk of death associated with elevated post operative troponin in patients with reduced (<60 ml/min, but >30ml/min) preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). A second, more recent study by Liem et al, also found post operative troponin elevations were associated with higher morbidity and mortality risk in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing non cardiac surgery. Investigators aim to build upon the findings of these authors by examining the relationship between pre operative eGFR, post operative troponin and risk of post operative cardiac events in patients undergoing non cardiac surgery at St Paul's hospital. Investigators will conduct a retrospective chart review of electronic records for all patients undergoing non cardiac, inpatient surgery at St Paul's Hospital from June 1, 2020 to December 31, 2021). Investigators will include all patients for whom preoperative eGFR values are available, and patients on chronic dialysis. Patients are to be stratified by preoperative eGFR and primary outcomes compared between patients with normal vs abnormal preoperative eGFR. Primary outcomes to be reviewed are myocardial injury after non cardiac surgery (MINS) and troponin elevations.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Normal Renal Function | Patients undergoing inpatient non-cardiac surgery at St. Paul's Hospital with normal preoperative Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) results. eGFR values considered will be from samples drawn within a one year period preceding surgery. Values from samples drawn within the 7 days immediately preceding surgery will be excluded, in order to avoid introducing bias from acute kidney injuries. All available eGFR values in the 7 to 365 days preceding an individual's surgery will be included, and the average of these values will be used as their preoperative eGFR. Investigators will include all people that have one or more measure. Depending on sample size, investigators may decide to limit inclusion to those that have two or more eGFR estimates. |
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| Renal Dysfunction, Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) | Patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery with abnormal preoperative Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR). eGFR values considered will be from samples drawn within a one year period preceding surgery. Values from samples drawn within the 7 days immediately preceding surgery will be excluded, in order to avoid introducing bias from acute kidney injuries. All available eGFR values in the 7 to 365 days preceding an individual's surgery will be included, and the average of these values will be used as their preoperative eGFR. Investigators will include all people that have one or more measure. Depending on sample size, investigators may decide to limit inclusion to those that have two or more eGFR estimates. As eGFR is not accurate in the setting of dialysis, patients receiving dialysis for at least 90 days prior to their surgical procedure will also be included as a separate eGFR category. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Not an Interventional Study | Other | Not an Interventional Study |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Myocardial injury after non cardiac surgery (MINS) | Myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery (MINS), based on the American Heart Association (AHA) definitions | Within 30 days post-operatively |
| Troponin Elevation | Post-operative high sensitivity Troponin T (hs-TnT) of 20 ng/L to 65 ng/L with an absolute increase of at least 5 ng/L or any concentration > 65 ng/L | Postoperative day 1 - 3 |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Cancellations of elective surgical cases for non-clinical reasons | Cancellations of elective surgical cases due to COVID-19 implications or staffing issues. | From June 1, 2020 to December 31, 2021 |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Patients undergoing non cardiac surgery at St Paul's hospital.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Christopher Prabhakar, MD | University of British Columbia | Principal Investigator |
| Su-Yin MacDonell, MD | University of British Columbia | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| St. Paul's Hospital | Vancouver | British Columbia | V6Z 1Y6 | Canada |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D051436 | Renal Insufficiency, Chronic |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D051437 | Renal Insufficiency |
| D007674 | Kidney Diseases |
| D014570 | Urologic Diseases |
| D052776 | Female Urogenital Diseases |
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| D005261 |
| Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications |
| D000091642 | Urogenital Diseases |
| D052801 | Male Urogenital Diseases |
| D002908 | Chronic Disease |
| D020969 | Disease Attributes |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |