Allogenomic Mismatch Score (AMS) Applied to Haplo-identical Donor/Recipient Pairs in Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Allogenomic Mismatch Score (AMS) Applied to Haplo-identical Donor/Recipient Pairs in Haematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
The occurrence of acute and/or chronic GVH (Graf Versus Host disease) for recipients undergoing HSCT (haematopoietic stem cell transplantation) with a geno-identical donor suggests the implication of other systems or genes than those involved in HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigen) compatibility.
In kidney transplantation, it has been shown that the AMS (allogenomic mismatch score) is correlated with the probability of survival of the graft. This AMS reflects the degree of differences between the immunopeptidomes of the recipient and his donor as it is a continuous variable based on the number of nsSNP (non synonymous Single Nucletotide Polymorphism) between the donor and the recipient. Roughly, the exome of the donor is aligned to the exome of the recipient, allowing to count the number of variations that will generate a peptide present in the recipient but absent in in the donor. In this case, peptide presented by the recipient's cells is not part of the donor's immunopeptidome, leading to an activation of the donor's immunocompetent cells toward this antigen, i.e. to alloreactivity that may cause GVL (Graft Versus Leukemia) and/or GVH.
This study aims to highlight significant correlations between the occurrence of acute and/or chronic GVH after haplo-identical stem cell transplantation and the AMS.
This would allow to use the AMS as a predictive factor of acute or chronic GVH, which could be employed to select the best donor for one particular recipient and/or personalize the immunotherapies after transplantation
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