Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
As the age structure shows an aging population while facing physical and mental changes among the frailty of the community elderly. Researchers have successively adopted exercise and nutrition strategies for the frail elderly in the community, to improve their physical function, prevent frailty and increase independent functions. There were researches using technology to improve the physical function of the elderly in the community. The transtheoretical model was a comprehensive model of intentional behavior change that incorporates process-oriented variables to explain and predict how and when the elderly change their health behavior including the elderly adoption healthy behavior. Therefore, the investigators use the Trans-Theoretical Model (TTM) to design the "Fitness and Nutrition Program for Seniors" for participants. From improving physical activity and quality of life, then improving the frailty and restoring overall health.
The research will be a quasi-experimental design. It is expected to invite 84 frailty elderly from the Community-Based Care Center (42 in the experimental group and 42 in the control group). The investigators use the Trans-Theoretical Model (TTM) as the framework, which includes physical activity training, nutrition education- nursing Information, home-based training, and telecare group care, develop the "Fitness and Nutrition Program for Seniors" for 6 months. The primary outcome includes cardiovascular health study (CHS) frailty criteria, short physical performance battery (SPPB), grip strength, Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ), and SF-12. The secondary outcome includes BMI, upper arm and calf circumference to measure nutritional status, short from falls efficacy scale international (FES-I), the visual analog scale (VAS) to measure pain, and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). The investigator will follow the outcome before the intervention, the third month after the intervention, and the sixth month after the intervention. The collected data were analyzed with a generalized estimation equation model of SPSS version 22. Make the participants develop a habit of physical activity combined with a nutritious diet. Let the elderly reduce frail state, increase physical activity, improve health-related quality of life and improve health-related results.
The ageing population of the world is an irreversible international situation because of the rapidly increasing number of elderly populations in the 21st century. As the age structure shows an aging population while facing physical and mental changes among the frailty of the community elderly. Helping them prevent disability and promote health has become the focus of current care. Researchers have successively adopted exercise and nutrition strategies for the frail elderly in the community, to improve their physical function, prevent frailty and increase independent functions. The internet was a simple and fast model to care elderly in the community. There were researches using technology to improve the physical function of the elderly in the community. The transtheoretical model was a comprehensive model of intentional behavior change that incorporates process-oriented variables to explain and predict how and when the elderly change their health behavior including the elderly adoption healthy behavior. Therefore, the investigators use the Trans-Theoretical Model (TTM) to design the "Fitness and Nutrition Program for Seniors" for participants, which includes Home-Based physical activity training, nutrition education, and telecare technology. The investigator use the Trans-Theoretical Model (TTM) to analyze the behavior change process of the participants and to explore important factors during the intervention. From improving physical activity and quality of life, then improving the frailty and restoring overall health.
The research will be a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design. It is expected to invite 84 frailty elderly from Community-Based Care Center in Shilin Districts in Taipei City, Taiwan (42 in the experimental group and 42 in the control group). The investigators use the Trans-Theoretical Model (TTM) as the framework, which includes physical activity training, nutrition education-nursing Information, home-based training, and telecare group care, developing the "Fitness and Nutrition Program for Seniors" for 6 months for community-dwelling frail older adults. The participants create motivation to start execution through physical activity and nutritional knowledge and provide the experimental group with online home-based training from the three different stages of TTM behavior change. During the intervention period, the investigators will follow the adherence, satisfaction, behavior change stage every month. The investigators use motivation to improve the self-efficacy of the participants and achieve the result of behavior change. Finally, support the frail participants to enter the maintenance phase. The primary outcome includes frailty status (cardiovascular health study (CHS) frailty criteria), Physical Activity (short physical performance battery (SPPB), grip strength, Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ)), and Health-related Quality of Life (SF-12). The secondary outcome includes kinanthropometric measures (BMI, upper arm, and calf circumference to measure nutritional status), short from falls efficacy scale international (FES-I), the visual analog scale (VAS) to measure pain, and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). The investigators will follow the outcome before the intervention, the third month after the intervention, and the sixth month after the intervention. The collected data were analyzed with a generalized estimation equation model of SPSS version 22. The research hopes to promote the health of the frailty participants through FANS in the community. Make the participants develop a habit of physical activity combined with a nutritious diet. Let the participants reduce frail state, increase physical activity, improve health-related quality of life and improve health-related results, and have a healthy life.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fitness and Nutrition Program for Seniors | Experimental | "Fitness and Nutrition Program for Seniors" includes physical activity training, nutrition education- nursing Information, home-based training, and telecare group care (including APP assistance) |
|
| wait-list | No Intervention | Routine care |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fitness and Nutrition Program for Seniors | Behavioral | "Fitness and Nutrition Program for Seniors" uses the Trans-Theoretical Model (TTM) as the framework, which includes physical activity training, nutrition education- nursing Information, home-based training, and telecare group care (including APP assistance). Physical activity training comprised muscle training, joint strengthening, and upper and lower limb resistance exercises for older adults who were frail. After administering nutrition education- nursing Information, participants were encouraged to set their own goals to improve their diet. Home-based training and telecare group care depends on the stages of TTM behavior change of the elderly. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Basic Demographic Health Assessment Form | Number, age, gender, education level, marriage, living conditions, tobacco and alcohol use, economic status, chronic illness history | baseline, pre-intervention(T0) |
| Cardiovascular health study (CHS) frailty criteria | Frailty criteria comprising weak grip of <26.0 kg in men or <18.0 kg in women; walking slower than 0.8 m/s; self-reported exhaustion on more than 3 days/week; unintentional weight loss of >5.0 kg or 10% during the past year; and physical activity <3.75 MET/h in men or <2.5 MET/h in women (lowest quintile of sex-specific baseline values). People fulfilling three or more criteria were classed as frail, those who met one or two as prefrail, and those with no such deficits as robust. | baseline, pre-intervention(T0) |
| Cardiovascular health study (CHS) frailty criteria | Frailty criteria comprising weak grip of <26.0 kg in men or <18.0 kg in women; walking slower than 0.8 m/s; self-reported exhaustion on more than 3 days/week; unintentional weight loss of >5.0 kg or 10% during the past year; and physical activity <3.75 MET/h in men or <2.5 MET/h in women (lowest quintile of sex-specific baseline values). People fulfilling three or more criteria were classed as frail, those who met one or two as prefrail, and those with no such deficits as robust. | three months after intervention(T1) |
| Cardiovascular health study (CHS) frailty criteria | Frailty criteria comprising weak grip of <26.0 kg in men or <18.0 kg in women; walking slower than 0.8 m/s; self-reported exhaustion on more than 3 days/week; unintentional weight loss of >5.0 kg or 10% during the past year; and physical activity <3.75 MET/h in men or <2.5 MET/h in women (lowest quintile of sex-specific baseline values). People fulfilling three or more criteria were classed as frail, those who met one or two as prefrail, and those with no such deficits as robust. | six months after intervention(T2) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| kinanthropometric measures-BMI | Body mass index (BMI) is a measure of body fat based on height and weight that applies to adult men and women. We use weight and height will be combined to report BMI in kg/m2. | baseline, pre-intervention(T0) |
| kinanthropometric measures-BMI |
Not provided
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chia-Jung Hsieh, PhD | Contact | +886(2)2822-7101 | 3135 | chiajung@ntunhs.edu.tw |
| Pei-Shan LI, master | Contact | +886 920769124 | phli2@vghtpe.gov.tw |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Chia-Jung Hsieh, PhD | National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zhiwuyuan and Fujia Community-Based Care Center | Recruiting | Taipei | Shilin Districts | 111 | Taiwan |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 32973620 | Background | Barton AC, Sheen J, Byrne LK. Immediate Attention Enhancement and Restoration From Interactive and Immersive Technologies: A Scoping Review. Front Psychol. 2020 Aug 19;11:2050. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02050. eCollection 2020. | |
| 34169495 | Background | Gerotziafas GT, Catalano M, Theodorou Y, Dreden PV, Marechal V, Spyropoulos AC, Carter C, Jabeen N, Harenberg J, Elalamy I, Falanga A, Fareed J, Agathaggelou P, Antic D, Antignani PL, Bosch MM, Brenner B, Chekhonin V, Colgan MP, Dimopoulos MA, Douketis J, Elnazar EA, Farkas K, Fazeli B, Fowkes G, Gu Y, Gligorov J, Ligocki MA, Indran T, Kannan M, Kantarcioglu B, Kasse AA, Konstantinidis K, Leivano F, Lewis J, Makatsariya A, Mbaye PM, Mahe I, Panovska-Stavridis I, Olinic DM, Papageorgiou C, Pecsvarady Z, Pillon S, Ramacciotti E, Abdel-Razeq H, Sabbah M, Sassi M, Schernthaner G, Siddiqui F, Shiomura J, Slama-Schwok A, Wautrecht JC, Tafur A, Taher A, Klein-Wegel P, Zhai Z, Zoubida TM; Scientific Reviewer Committee. The COVID-19 Pandemic and the Need for an Integrated and Equitable Approach: An International Expert Consensus Paper. Thromb Haemost. 2021 Aug;121(8):992-1007. doi: 10.1055/a-1535-8807. Epub 2021 Jul 20. |
| Label | URL |
|---|---|
| Reablement and older people, Final report of the International Federation on Aging Copenhagen Summit | View source |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000073496 | Frailty |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D001519 | Behavior |
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
|
| Physical Activity-Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) | SPPB consists of three domains: a Timed 4 m Walk, Balance, and a Chair Sit-to-Stand Test. Each performance measurement was assigned a score from 0 (inability to complete) to 4 (best performance possible). The total of the scores was used to obtain an overall measurement of physical performance. The maximum total score, including all three domains, is 12, and a higher score indicates better physical function. | baseline, pre-intervention(T0) |
| Physical Activity-Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) | SPPB consists of three domains: a Timed 4 m Walk, Balance, and a Chair Sit-to-Stand Test. Each performance measurement was assigned a score from 0 (inability to complete) to 4 (best performance possible). The total of the scores was used to obtain an overall measurement of physical performance. The maximum total score, including all three domains, is 12, and a higher score indicates better physical function. | three months after intervention(T1) |
| Physical Activity-Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) | SPPB consists of three domains: a Timed 4 m Walk, Balance, and a Chair Sit-to-Stand Test. Each performance measurement was assigned a score from 0 (inability to complete) to 4 (best performance possible). The total of the scores was used to obtain an overall measurement of physical performance. The maximum total score, including all three domains, is 12, and a higher score indicates better physical function. | six months after intervention(T2) |
| Physical Activity-Grip Strength | Grip strength was measured using a dynamometer based on two rounds of measurements for each hand. | baseline, pre-intervention(T0) |
| Physical Activity-Grip Strength | Grip strength was measured using a dynamometer based on two rounds of measurements for each hand. | three months after intervention(T1) |
| Physical Activity-Grip Strength | Grip strength was measured using a dynamometer based on two rounds of measurements for each hand. | six months after intervention(T2) |
| Physical Activity-Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) | Administration of the TUG requires subjects to stand up from a chair, walk 2.44m, turn around, walk back to the chair, and sit down. | baseline, pre-intervention(T0) |
| Physical Activity-Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) | Administration of the TUG requires subjects to stand up from a chair, walk 2.44m, turn around, walk back to the chair, and sit down. | three month after intervention(T1) |
| Physical Activity-Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) | Administration of the TUG requires subjects to stand up from a chair, walk 2.44m, turn around, walk back to the chair, and sit down. | six month after intervention(T2) |
| Health-related Quality of Life | HRQOL was assessed using the Medical Outcomes Survey Short Form-12 questionnaire (SF-12), which consists of eight items representing the following health profile dimensions: general health perception, physical functioning, role functioning-physical, bodily pain, vitality, social functioning, mental health, and role functioning-emotional. Responses are provided using a five- or six-point Likert scale, standardized according to the scoring system. Separate scores are provided for the physical and mental components of health. | baseline, pre-intervention(T0) |
| Health-related Quality of Life | HRQOL was assessed using the Medical Outcomes Survey Short Form-12 questionnaire (SF-12), which consists of eight items representing the following health profile dimensions: general health perception, physical functioning, role functioning-physical, bodily pain, vitality, social functioning, mental health, and role functioning-emotional. Responses are provided using a five- or six-point Likert scale, standardized according to the scoring system. Separate scores are provided for the physical and mental components of health. | three months after intervention(T1) |
| Health-related Quality of Life | HRQOL was assessed using the Medical Outcomes Survey Short Form-12 questionnaire (SF-12), which consists of eight items representing the following health profile dimensions: general health perception, physical functioning, role functioning-physical, bodily pain, vitality, social functioning, mental health, and role functioning-emotional. Responses are provided using a five- or six-point Likert scale, standardized according to the scoring system. Separate scores are provided for the physical and mental components of health. | six months after intervention(T2) |
Body mass index (BMI) is a measure of body fat based on height and weight that applies to adult men and women. We use weight and height will be combined to report BMI in kg/m2. |
| three months after intervention(T1) |
| kinanthropometric measures-BMI | Body mass index (BMI) is a measure of body fat based on height and weight that applies to adult men and women. We use weight and height will be combined to report BMI in kg/m2. | six months after intervention(T2) |
| kinanthropometric measures-upper arm and calf circumference | Upper arm and calf circumference were measured to the nearest 0.1 cm using a flexible but nonstretch measuring tape. Upper arm and calf circumference to measure nutritional status | baseline, pre-intervention(T0) |
| kinanthropometric measures-upper arm and calf circumference | Upper arm and calf circumference were measured to the nearest 0.1 cm using a flexible but nonstretch measuring tape. Upper arm and calf circumference to measure nutritional status | three months after intervention(T1) |
| kinanthropometric measures-upper arm and calf circumference | Upper arm and calf circumference were measured to the nearest 0.1 cm using a flexible but nonstretch measuring tape. Upper arm and calf circumference to measure nutritional status | six months after intervention(T2) |
| short from falls efficacy scale international (FES-I) | The 7 items of the FES-I were rated on a 4-point Likert scale with the following possible answers (scores in parentheses): ''not at all'' (1); ''somewhat'' (2); 'fairly' (3); and 'very concerned' (4). If subjects were unable to perform the activity, they were encouraged to respond hypothetically. The range of possible total scores was from 7 to 28, with a high score indicating greater fear of falling. | baseline, pre-intervention(T0) |
| short from falls efficacy scale international (FES-I) | The 7 items of the FES-I were rated on a 4-point Likert scale with the following possible answers (scores in parentheses): ''not at all'' (1); ''somewhat'' (2); 'fairly' (3); and 'very concerned' (4). If subjects were unable to perform the activity, they were encouraged to respond hypothetically. The range of possible total scores was from 7 to 28, with a high score indicating greater fear of falling. | three months after intervention(T1) |
| short from falls efficacy scale international (FES-I) | The 7 items of the FES-I were rated on a 4-point Likert scale with the following possible answers (scores in parentheses): ''not at all'' (1); ''somewhat'' (2); 'fairly' (3); and 'very concerned' (4). If subjects were unable to perform the activity, they were encouraged to respond hypothetically. The range of possible total scores was from 7 to 28, with a high score indicating greater fear of falling. | six months after intervention(T2) |
| the visual analog scale (VAS) to measure pain | ranging from "no pain= 0mm" to "unwilling pain= 100mm". Scores were calculated to the nearest millimetre with a ruler. | baseline, pre-intervention(T0) |
| the visual analog scale (VAS) to measure pain | ranging from "no pain= 0mm" to "unwilling pain= 100mm". Scores were calculated to the nearest millimetre with a ruler. | three months after intervention(T1) |
| the visual analog scale (VAS) to measure pain | ranging from "no pain= 0mm" to "unwilling pain= 100mm". Scores were calculated to the nearest millimetre with a ruler. | six months after intervention(T2) |
| Instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) | IADL is a 15-item questionnaire that assesses recent participation in functional activity. For each item, participants are required to indicate the extent which four statements reflect their recent participation in an activity. Although responses regarding the four statements varied between items, scores generally ranged from 0 ("never") to 3 ("most days" or "at least once weekly"). Total scores, calculated by summing the item scores, range from 0 to 45. | baseline, pre-intervention(T0) |
| Instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) | IADL is a 15-item questionnaire that assesses recent participation in functional activity. For each item, participants are required to indicate the extent which four statements reflect their recent participation in an activity. Although responses regarding the four statements varied between items, scores generally ranged from 0 ("never") to 3 ("most days" or "at least once weekly"). Total scores, calculated by summing the item scores, range from 0 to 45. | three months after intervention(T1) |
| Instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) | IADL is a 15-item questionnaire that assesses recent participation in functional activity. For each item, participants are required to indicate the extent which four statements reflect their recent participation in an activity. Although responses regarding the four statements varied between items, scores generally ranged from 0 ("never") to 3 ("most days" or "at least once weekly"). Total scores, calculated by summing the item scores, range from 0 to 45. | six months after intervention(T2) |
| 30941525 | Background | Haider S, Grabovac I, Dorner TE. Effects of physical activity interventions in frail and prefrail community-dwelling people on frailty status, muscle strength, physical performance and muscle mass-a narrative review. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2019 Jun;131(11-12):244-254. doi: 10.1007/s00508-019-1484-7. Epub 2019 Apr 2. |
| 29521871 | Background | Jadczak AD, Makwana N, Luscombe-Marsh N, Visvanathan R, Schultz TJ. Effectiveness of exercise interventions on physical function in community-dwelling frail older people: an umbrella review of systematic reviews. JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep. 2018 Mar;16(3):752-775. doi: 10.11124/JBISRIR-2017-003551. |
| 28648901 | Background | Dent E, Lien C, Lim WS, Wong WC, Wong CH, Ng TP, Woo J, Dong B, de la Vega S, Hua Poi PJ, Kamaruzzaman SBB, Won C, Chen LK, Rockwood K, Arai H, Rodriguez-Manas L, Cao L, Cesari M, Chan P, Leung E, Landi F, Fried LP, Morley JE, Vellas B, Flicker L. The Asia-Pacific Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Frailty. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2017 Jul 1;18(7):564-575. doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2017.04.018. |
| 33182413 | Background | Marston HR, Shore L, White PJ. How does a (Smart) Age-Friendly Ecosystem Look in a Post-Pandemic Society? Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Nov 9;17(21):8276. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17218276. |
| 29455058 | Background | Nagai K, Miyamato T, Okamae A, Tamaki A, Fujioka H, Wada Y, Uchiyama Y, Shinmura K, Domen K. Physical activity combined with resistance training reduces symptoms of frailty in older adults: A randomized controlled trial. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2018 May-Jun;76:41-47. doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2018.02.005. Epub 2018 Feb 13. |
| 31291884 | Background | Kidd T, Mold F, Jones C, Ream E, Grosvenor W, Sund-Levander M, Tingstrom P, Carey N. What are the most effective interventions to improve physical performance in pre-frail and frail adults? A systematic review of randomised control trials. BMC Geriatr. 2019 Jul 11;19(1):184. doi: 10.1186/s12877-019-1196-x. |
| 32513273 | Background | Wang L, Chen H, Lu H, Wang Y, Liu C, Dong X, Chen J, Liu N, Yu F, Wan Q, Shang S. The effect of transtheoretical model-lead intervention for knee osteoarthritis in older adults: a cluster randomized trial. Arthritis Res Ther. 2020 Jun 8;22(1):134. doi: 10.1186/s13075-020-02222-y. |
| 31362483 | Background | Zazzara MB, Vetrano DL, Carfi A, Onder G. Frailty and chronic disease. Panminerva Med. 2019 Dec;61(4):486-492. doi: 10.23736/S0031-0808.19.03731-5. Epub 2019 Jul 30. |
| 31706592 | Background | Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Du S, Wang Q, Xia H, Sun R. Exercise interventions for improving physical function, daily living activities and quality of life in community-dwelling frail older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Geriatr Nurs. 2020 May-Jun;41(3):261-273. doi: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2019.10.006. Epub 2019 Nov 6. |
| 40696284 | Derived | Li PS, Hsieh CJ, Miao NF, Tsai CH, Liu CY, Lin HR, Wu SV, Koh J. Application of the Fitness and Nutrition Program for Seniors (FANS) to improve Physical Activity and Kinanthropometric Measures among Community-Dwelling Older Adults living with Frailty: a Quasi-experimental Study. BMC Geriatr. 2025 Jul 22;25(1):543. doi: 10.1186/s12877-025-06171-6. |
| 40552877 | Derived | Li PS, Hsieh CJ, Miao NF, Tsai CH, Liu CY, Lin HR, Wu SV, Koh J. Enhancing Frailty Status and Health-Related Quality of Life in Community-Dwelling Frail Older Adults. Gerontology. 2025;71(4):273-291. doi: 10.1159/000543909. Epub 2025 Feb 5. |