This is an open label, non-randomised phase 1b/2 study including patients with non-small cell lung cancer who have progressed after treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (anti PD1/PDL1 with or without CTLA4 inhibitors) and platinum-based chemotherapy. The study medications include nivolumab, an anti-PD1 inhibitor and ADG106, an agonist antibody of 4-1-BB.

The investigators hypothesize that the combination of nivolumab and ADG106 would be tolerable, and demonstrate significant clinical anti-tumour activity in patients with NSCLC that has failed antiPD1/antiPDL1 immunotherapy and standard platinum-based chemotherapy. The investigators propose to conduct a phase 1b/2 study to investigate this strategy.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. For Phase 1b: Patients with histologically or cytologically confirmed solid malignancies

   1. who are refractory to standard of care treatment OR
   2. have no standard of care treatment of curative potential.

   For Phase 2: Patients with histologically or cytologically confirmed stage 4 or recurrent NSCLC (per IASLC classification) who have progression of disease

   1. after treatment with antiPD1/PDL1 with CTLA4 inhibitors and at least one platinum-based chemotherapy OR
   2. after treatment with antiPD1/PDL1 without CTLA4 inhibitors and at least one platinum-based chemotherapy

2. The participant (or legally acceptable representative if applicable) provides written consent for the trial.

3. Participants who are at least 21 years of age on the day of signing informed consent.

4. Eastern Cooperative Group (ECOG) Performance Status 0-1

5. Measurable disease according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1.1 (RECIST 1.1). Previously irradiated lesions is considered measurable if they show progression after completion of radiation therapy.

6. Have adequate organ function. Specimens must be collected within 7 days prior to the start of study treatment.

7. A female participant is eligible to participate if she is not pregnant, not breastfeeding, and at least one of the following conditions applies:

   1. Not a woman of childbearing potential OR
   2. A woman of childbearing potential who agrees to follow the contraceptive guidance during the treatment period and for at least 120 days after the last dose of study medication.

8. A male participant must agree to use a contraception during the treatment period and for at least 120 days after the last dose of study treatment and refrain from donating sperm during this period.

9. Willing to participate in the translational blood and tissue collection studies.

10. Availability of archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumour tissue block or unstained tumour tissue specimens if fresh tumour biopsy is not feasible.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Has received prior systemic anti-cancer therapy including investigational agents within 3 weeks prior to enrolment.

   Note: Participants must have recovered from all AEs to previous therapies to ≤ Grade 1 or baseline. Participants with ≤ Grade 2 neuropathy may be eligible. Note: If participants received major surgery, they must have recovered adequately from the toxicity and/or complications from the intervention prior to starting study treatment.

2. Is currently participating in or has participated in a study of an investigational agent or has used an investigational device within 4 weeks prior to first dose of study treatment.

   Note: Participants who have entered the follow-up phase of an investigational study may participate as long as it has been 4 weeks after the last dose of the previous investigational agent.

3. Prior severe immune adverse events of grade 3 or 4 to antiPD1/PDL1 therapy. These include interstitial pneumonitis.

4. Has a known history of active TB (Mycobacterium tuberculosis).

5. Known allergy to any of the ingredients of ADG106 (succinic acid, arginine, polysorbate 80 and hydrochloric acid) in the formulation or known allergy to any related class of compounds (note: polysorbate 80 is an ingredient in docetaxel).

6. Has received prior radiotherapy within 2 weeks of start of study treatment. Participants must have recovered from all radiation-related toxicities, not require corticosteroids, and not have had radiation pneumonitis. A 1-week washout is permitted for palliative radiation (≤ 2 weeks of radiotherapy) to non-CNS disease.

7. Has a known additional malignancy that is progressing or has required active treatment within the past 3 years.

   Note: Participants with basal cell carcinoma of the skin, squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, transitional cell carcinoma of urothelial cancer, or carcinoma in situ (e.g. breast or cervical carcinoma in situ) that have undergone potentially curative therapy are not excluded.

8. Known brain metastases or leptomeningeal metastases that are not adequately treated and require corticosteroids of > 10mg daily prednisolone or its equivalent at least 7 days prior to study treatment start date.

9. Has an active infection requiring systemic therapy.

10. History of having received a live virus vaccination (eg yellow fever, MMR, nasal flu, chicken pox or Zostavax) in the past 1 month.

11. Subjects with underlying hemoglobinopathies (e.g., thalassemia).

12. Subjects with an active, known or suspected autoimmune disease. Subjects with type I diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism only requiring hormone replacement, skin disorders (such as vitiligo, psoriasis, or alopecia) not requiring systemic treatment, or conditions not expected to recur in the absence of an external trigger are permitted to enroll.

13. Subjects with a condition requiring systemic treatment with either corticosteroids (> 10 mg daily prednisone equivalent) or other immunosuppressive medications within 14 days of enrolment. Inhaled or topical steroids, and adrenal replacement steroid > 10 mg daily prednisone equivalent, are permitted in the absence of active autoimmune disease.

14. Has uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, unstable angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmia, or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements.

15. Has a history or current evidence of any condition, therapy, or laboratory abnormality that might confound the results of the trial, interfere with the subject's participation for the full duration of the trial, or is not in the best interest of the subject to participate, in the opinion of the treating investigator.

16. Subjects with active hepatitis B (positive hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg] with detectable serum HBV DNA) or HCV (hepatitis C virus) [positive HCV RNA]). Patients with past HBV infection or resolved HBV infection (defined as the presence of hepatitis B core antibody [HBcAb] and absence of HBsAg) are eligible. HBV DNA must be obtained in these patients prior to enrolment. HBsAg positive carriers or those patients with undetectable serum HBV DNA and on antiviral therapy are eligible to participate. Patients positive for HCV antibody are eligible only if PCR is negative for HCV RNA.

17. Known history of testing positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or Known history of testing positive for known acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). NOTE: Testing for HIV must be performed at sites where mandated locally.