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This study aimed to examine the effectiveness and acceptability of wearable activity trackers with self-regulatory techniques for promoting physical activity (PA) in older adults. In addition, this study aimed to investigate the impact of a multicomponent PA intervention on life satisfaction, happiness, eudaimonic well-being, and depressive symptoms, reflecting different dimensions of psychological well-being, in older adults.
Fifty-nine participants living in retirement communities were voluntarily assigned to a 12-week multi-component PA intervention program or an attention control group. Participants in the intervention group were asked to take three 45-min supervised group exercise lessons per week and wear wearable activity trackers during the weekdays for 12 weeks. Four components of psychological well-being were assessed at baseline and the end of the intervention including life satisfaction, happiness, eudaimonic well-being, and depressive symptoms. The intervention effect on each component of psychological well-being was analyzed using linear mixed models after controlling for potential confounders. Participants' experiences of using the wearable activity tracker were assessed after the 12-week intervention through an 8-item questionnaire and individual interviews
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| ABM intervention group | Experimental | The intervention group received three, 45-min group exercise lessons for 12 weeks. The group exercise lessons were taught by two experienced instructors.. Each participant in the intervention group received a Fitbit (Model InspireHR) activity tracker to self-monitor their daily PA, 5 days per week for 12 weeks. |
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| Comparison group | No Intervention | The comparison group continued their usual activities. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active Body and Mind | Behavioral | The intervention group attended three 45-min group exercise lessons per week and wore a Fitbit activity tracker during the weekdays for 12 weeks combined with weekly feedback and personalized activity goals. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline Depression | Depression was measured using the 10-item Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Inventory on a 4-point Likert scale. The level of depressive symptoms was reflected by summing the responses of the ten items, with higher scores indicating greater levels of depressive symptoms. | Baseline (the week before the intervention) |
| Baseline Happiness | Happiness was measured using the 4-item Subjective Happiness Scale on a 7-point Likert scale. The mean score of all items was calculated to indicate the level of happiness with higher scores indicating greater happiness. | Baseline (the week before the intervention) |
| Baseline Life Satisfaction | Life satisfaction was measured using the 5-item Satisfaction With Life Scale on a 7-point Likert scale. The sum of all items provides a composite score, with higher scores representing higher levels of life satisfaction. | Baseline (the week before the intervention) |
| Baseline Eudaimonic Well-Being | Eudaimonic well-being was assessed using the 18-item Psychological Well-Being Scale on a 7-point Likert scale. An overall score was computed by averaging the scores of all items. Higher scores indicate higher levels of eudaimonic well-being. | Baseline (the week before the intervention) |
| Posttest Depression | Depression was measured using the 10-item Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Inventory on a 4-point Likert scale. The level of depressive symptoms was reflected by summing the responses of the ten items, with higher scores indicating greater levels of depressive symptoms. | Post-intervention test (the week after the intervention) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Weiyun Chen, Ph.D. | University of Michigan | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Michigan | Ann Arbor | Michigan | 48109 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 35313819 | Derived | Zhang Z, Giordani B, Margulis A, Chen W. Efficacy and acceptability of using wearable activity trackers in older adults living in retirement communities: a mixed method study. BMC Geriatr. 2022 Mar 21;22(1):231. doi: 10.1186/s12877-022-02931-w. |
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| Posttest Happiness |
Happiness was measured using the 4-item Subjective Happiness Scale on a 7-point Likert scale. The mean score of all items was calculated to indicate the level of happiness with higher scores indicating greater happiness. |
| Post-intervention test (the week after the intervention) |
| Posttest Life Satisfaction | Life satisfaction was measured using the 5-item Satisfaction With Life Scale on a 7-point Likert scale. The sum of all items provides a composite score, with higher scores representing higher levels of life satisfaction. | Post-intervention test (the week after the intervention) |
| Posttest Eudaimonic Well-Being | Eudaimonic well-being was assessed using the 18-item Psychological Well-Being Scale on a 7-point Likert scale. An overall score was computed by averaging the scores of all items. Higher scores indicate higher levels of eudaimonic well-being. | Post-intervention test (the week after the intervention) |