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To identify the autonomic effects of recreationally-relevant doses of cannabidiol (CBD) in an older population, and to evaluate the effect of CBD on exercise performance and recovery.
Heart rate variability (HRV) analysis is a common method used to evaluate the function of the autonomic nervous system. While heart rate is the number of heart beats per minute, HRV is the fluctuation of the time intervals between those beats (interbeat intervals). If the interbeat intervals are too similar, this is an indication of an unhealthy heart. A major influence on heart rate (and thus interbeat interval), is the autonomic nervous system which is divided into two branches: sympathetic and parasympathetic. HRV represents the balance between both systems, with higher HRV being associated with greater parasympathetic activity, and lower HRV with greater sympathetic activity. While there is no optimal level of HRV, a higher HRV is associated with reduced stress and good health, and a lower HRV is associated with chronic diseases and cardiovascular risk. The current study will evaluate the effect of recreationally-relevant doses of CBD (25-200mg) on resting HRV in older adults (aims 1&2). Investigators will also look at the effects of CBD on cardiovascular fitness by having participants complete a maximum graded exercise test under the influence of a placebo and again after ingesting a single dose of CBD (aims 3&4).
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo | Placebo Comparator | Participants will ingest 3ml of non-CBD containing MCT (medium-chain triglycerides) oil. |
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| Cannabidiol 25 mg | Experimental | Participants will ingest 3ml of MCT (medium-chain triglycerides) oil containing 25 mg of CBD. |
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| Cannabidiol 50 mg | Experimental | Participants will ingest 3ml of MCT (medium-chain triglycerides) oil containing 50 mg of CBD. |
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| Cannabidiol 200 mg | Experimental | Participants will ingest 3ml of MCT (medium-chain triglycerides) oil containing 200 mg of CBD. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo | Drug | Placebo oral product formulated in MCT (medium chain triglyceride) oil |
| |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in heart rate variability (HRV) as assessed by time-domain analysis: standard deviation of RR intervals. | Time-domain measurements quantify the amount of variability of the heart's interbeat (RR) intervals and include the metric: standard deviation of RR intervals (SDNN). Higher values indicate greater HRV. | 4 weeks |
| Change in heart rate variability (HRV) as assessed by time-domain analysis: root mean square of successive differences. | Time-domain measurements quantify the amount of variability of the heart's interbeat (RR) intervals and include the metric: root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD). Higher values indicate greater HRV. | 4 weeks |
| Change in heart rate variability (HRV) as assessed by frequency-domain analysis: high-frequency (HF). | Frequency-domain measurements estimate the distribution of absolute or relative power into four heart rate oscillation frequency bands: ultra-low-frequency (ULF), very-low-frequency (VLF), low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF). A high HF reflects parasympathetic dominance. | 4 weeks |
| Change in heart rate variability (HRV) as assessed by frequency-domain analysis: low-frequency (LF). | Frequency-domain measurements estimate the distribution of absolute or relative power into four heart rate oscillation frequency bands: ultra-low-frequency (ULF), very-low-frequency (VLF), low-frequency (LF) and high-frequency (HF). LF reflects both sympathetic and parasympathetic activity. | 4 weeks |
| Change in heart rate variability (HRV) as assessed by frequency-domain analysis: LF/HF ratio. | A low LF/HF ratio reflects parasympathetic dominance, whereas a high LF/HF ratio reflects sympathetic dominance. | 4 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Blood pressure | Change in blood pressure will be assessed throughout session | through study completion, an average of 4 weeks |
| Borg's Category-Ratio Scale for Rating of Perceived Exertion | The Borg Scale is a self-reporting instrument assessing intensity of perceived exertion on a 0 to 10 scale, 0 being rest and 10 maximal effort. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in oxygen saturation | percent O2 saturation measured by pulse oximeter throughout session | 8 days |
| Blood lactate | Plasma lactate assess by finger stick |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Castleton University, Jeffords Science Building | Castleton | Vermont | 05735 | United States |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002185 | Cannabidiol |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002186 | Cannabinoids |
| D013729 | Terpenes |
| D006838 | Hydrocarbons |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
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Each participant will receive a different dose in consecutive weeks (one of which is a placebo), thus serving as their own control.
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| Cannabidiol |
| Drug |
Cannabidiol oral product formulated in MCT (medium chain triglyceride) oil |
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| Change in magnitude of autonomic stress test responses as assessed by changes in blood pressure. | Responses to autonomic stress test include a change in blood pressure if sympathetic outflow is activated. The magnitude of change will be compared before and after CBD ingestion. | Week 5 |
| Change in magnitude of autonomic stress test responses as assessed by changes in heart rate. | Responses to autonomic stress test include a change in heart rate if parasympathetic outflow is activated. The magnitude of change will be compared before and after CBD ingestion. | Week 5 |
| Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) | Maximum oxygen consumption will be calculated during treadmill test (using the Bruce Protocol) | 8 days |
| Heart rate | Change in heart rate will be assessed throughout session | through study completion, an average of 4 weeks |
| 8 days |
| 8 days |
| Change in exercise duration | Total exercise time on the treadmill while performing the Bruce Protocol. | 8 days |
| Breathing frequency | Breathing frequency will be measured throughout session | 8 days |
| Tidal volume | Tidal volume will be measured throughout session | 8 days |