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The main objective was to explore relationship between skinfold measurement at multiple sites, hand grip strength, and trunk muscle strength (flexors and extensors) in healthy participants. Conclusion: There is a moderate association between hand grip strength, T score and trunk muscle strength, evident from the present research. Though no such association was seen for skinfold measurement.
Objectives: The main objective was to explore relationship between skinfold measurement at multiple sites, hand grip strength, and trunk muscle strength (flexors and extensors) in healthy participants. Methods: Cross-sectional design, randomly recruited 40 participants. Finally only 39 participants were included. Measurements for demographic variable and anthropometric variables were done. Then the evaluation for hand grip strength and skin fold was done. Data Analysis: Quantitative variables were designated using means and standard deviations, and qualitative variables described by frequencies. The Repeated measure for Analysis of Variance (RANOVA) was used to analyse whether there was statistically significant interaction between the two groups (smoking vs non-smokers). The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to measure associations of anthropometric traits with grip strength. Multiple linear regression model was also carried to explore the linear relationship between dependent and independent variables.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Young Adults | Skinfold thickness (SFT) at multiple marked sites on biceps, triceps, subscapular and suprailiac areas using a Harpenden Caliper (Baty, UK) for the non-dominant side. Hand grip strength measurement Jamar Hydraulic Dynamometers (Hydraulic Hand Dynamometer Fabrication Enterprises Inc, NY) was used as the evaluation tool for measuring grip. The handgrip measurement was carried out as per the recommendations laid by The National Institute of Health Research (NIHR). The T score for hand grip strength was also calculated. Also the mean predicted handgrip strength for given height was calculated foe the given height Trunk muscle strength testing was done. An analogue hydraulic push-pull dynamometer (Model: FEI-12-0394) was used to evaluate. The trunk extensor and flexor muscle strength was evaluated using and was recorded in pounds (lbs.). |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| hand grip strength | Other | Observational study |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Handgrip strength | Jamar Hydraulic Dynamometers (Hydraulic Hand Dynamometer Fabrication Enterprises Inc, NY) was used as the evaluation tool for measuring grip. The handgrip measurement was carried out as per the recommendations laid by The National Institute of Health Research (NIHR) | 1 month |
| Trunk strength | Hydraulic Dynamometers (Hydraulic Dynamometer) | 1 month |
| Skinfold thickness | Harpenden Caliper , Skinfold thickness (SFT) at multiple marked sites on biceps, triceps, subscapular and suprailiac areas using a Harpenden Caliper (Baty, UK) for the non-dominant side. The instruments were well calibrated before testing. The measurement sites were marked, and then a minimum of two readings were taken. In case the two measurements at a particular site differed by more than 3 mm, a third measurement was taken. The mean of the two closest measurement was documented and the percentage of body fat was then calculated using the formula and table published by Durnin and Womersley | 1 month |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Waist Circumference | Waist circumference was measured using inch tape as per the guidelines laid by the world health organization (WHO) . Elements of the protocol discussed below include:
| 1 month |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Young Adults Age between 18-25 Graduate students
College students within the age group of 18-25 years. We were interested in looking for Association between hand grip strength , Skinfold thickness and trunk strength
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| King Khalid University | Abhā | 'Asir Region | 61421 | Saudi Arabia |
As per the Regulation from King Khalid University
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D018737 | Hand Strength |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D053580 | Muscle Strength |
| D010808 | Physical Examination |
| D019937 | Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures |
| D003933 | Diagnosis |
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| Smoking Habits | Yes and No type questions , have been chronic smokers of more than 1 year or 6 months | 1 month |
| D009142 |
| Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena |
| D055687 | Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena |