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The purposes of this study are twofold: 1) to assess the effect of a cervical sympathetic block on cerebral blood flow in patients suffering from cerebral vasospasm, after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage; 2) to evaluate the effect of the sympathetic block on the recovery of the neurological function.
Patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) and developing clinical manifestations of cerebral vasospasm will be transferred to the neuro-interventional radiology suite for vasospasm treatment. After the vasospasm is confirmed by the angiography followed by a flat panel-computed tomography perfusion (FP-CTP) scan, a cervical sympathetic nerve block under ultrasound guidance will be performed.
The block consists of the deposition of local anesthetic at the cervical sympathetic ganglion that will be visualized with an ultrasound device. The local anesthetic solution with be mixed with a radiographic contrast agent to check the spread of the injectate in the desired anatomical location. The spread of the local anesthetic will be assessed by performing an 8-second head/neck C-arm CT scan. Following the block, another run of angiography and a second FP-CTP will be repeated to assess changes in vessels diameter and in perfusion parameters following the sympathetic block.
Patients will have a daily monitoring of their neurological function and of their cerebral blood flow with transcranial doppler in the ICU.
At 12 months post-aSAH, the patients will complete neurological and neuropsychological assessments as a part of the standard of care. The results of these tests will be collected for analysis.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cervical sympathetic block | Experimental | Patients hospitalized in the ICU and developing clinical manifestations of cerebral vasospasm will be transferred to the neuro-interventional radiology suite for vasospasm treatment. After the vasospasm is confirmed by the angiography followed by a FP-CTP scan, a cervical sympathetic nerve block under ultrasound guidance will be performed. The block consists in the deposition of local anesthetic at the cervical sympathetic ganglion that will be visualized with an ultrasound device. The spread of the local anesthetic will be assessed by performing an 8-second head/neck C-arm CT scan. Another run of angiography and a second FP-CTP will be repeated to check the effect of the block on the brain vasculature after the block is done. Patients will have a daily monitoring of their neurological function and of their cerebral blood flow with transcranial doppler in the ICU. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cervical sympathetic block | Procedure | All participants will get the cervical sympathetic block and catheter under ultrasound guidance. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Cerebral blood flow | Cerebral blood flow as measured by computed tomography perfusion | 1 hour after the block |
| Neurological function | Change in neurological status as assessed by the Glasgow Coma Scale. The Glasgow Coma Scale score can range from 3 (completely unresponsive) to 15 (responsive). | Duration of recovery in ICU (1-2 weeks) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Cerebral blood flow velocity | Transcranial doppler measurement | Daily during recovery in ICU (1-2 weeks) |
| Executive Functioning - Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) | Measures executive functioning, including cognitive flexibility and problem-solving. The number of categories completed and total errors will be converted to age-adjusted z-scores. Favorable outcome: z-score ≥ -1.0, unfavorable outcome: z-score < -1.0 (indicative of cognitive impairment in executive functioning). |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
- known advanced stage kidney disease
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Anna Maria Bombardieri, MD, PhD | Stanford University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stanford University | Stanford | California | 94305 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 25128600 | Background | Hu N, Wu Y, Chen BZ, Han JF, Zhou MT. Protective effect of stellate ganglion block on delayed cerebral vasospasm in an experimental rat model of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Brain Res. 2014 Oct 17;1585:63-71. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.08.012. Epub 2014 Aug 13. | |
| 31401069 | Background | Dagistan Y, Kilinc E, Balci CN. Cervical sympathectomy modulates the neurogenic inflammatory neuropeptides following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. Brain Res. 2019 Nov 1;1722:146366. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146366. Epub 2019 Aug 8. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020301 | Vasospasm, Intracranial |
| D013345 | Subarachnoid Hemorrhage |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002561 | Cerebrovascular Disorders |
| D001927 | Brain Diseases |
| D002493 | Central Nervous System Diseases |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
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| 12 months post-aSAH |
| Processing Speed - Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) | Assesses visual scanning, tracking, and motor speed. Raw scores are adjusted for age and converted to z-scores. Favorable outcome: z-score ≥ -1.0, unfavorable outcome: z-score < -1.0 | 12 months post-aSAH |
| Language - Boston Naming Test (BNT) | Evaluates confrontational word retrieval and naming ability. Scores are standardized using age norms. Favorable outcome: z-score ≥ -1.0, unfavorable outcome: z-score < -1.0 | 12 months post-aSAH |
| Verbal Fluency - FAS Test | Tests lexical fluency by asking participants to generate words beginning with F, A, and S in a set time period. Z-scores are calculated from age-adjusted norms. Favorable outcome: z-score ≥ -1.0, unfavorable outcome: z-score < -1.0 | 12 months post-aSAH |
| Memory - Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R) | Assesses verbal learning and memory, including immediate recall, delayed recall, and recognition. Performance is normed and converted into z-scores. Favorable outcome: z-score ≥ -1.0, unfavorable outcome: z-score < -1.0 | 12 months post-aSAH |
| General mental status - Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) | Screens for mild cognitive impairment across multiple cognitive domains. Raw scores range from 0 to 30. Favorable outcome: MoCA score ≥ 26, unfavorable outcome: MoCA score < 26 (suggestive of cognitive impairment). | 12 months post-aSAH |
| Functional disability - modified Rankin scale (mRS) | Measurement of functional disability using mRS, categorized as favorable (0-3) or unfavorable (4-6), to assess long-term disability and its association with baseline perfusion. | 12 months post-aSAH |
| Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL, SF-36) | HRQoL will be reported as standardized z-scores, with higher scores indicating better performance. | 12 months post-aSAH |
| 12649526 | Background | Treggiari MM, Romand JA, Martin JB, Reverdin A, Rufenacht DA, de Tribolet N. Cervical sympathetic block to reverse delayed ischemic neurological deficits after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke. 2003 Apr;34(4):961-7. doi: 10.1161/01.STR.0000060893.72098.80. Epub 2003 Mar 20. |
| 33472582 | Background | Zhang J, Nie Y, Pang Q, Zhang X, Wang Q, Tang J. Effects of stellate ganglion block on early brain injury in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage: a randomised control trial. BMC Anesthesiol. 2021 Jan 20;21(1):23. doi: 10.1186/s12871-020-01215-3. |
| 33725155 | Background | Pileggi M, Mosimann PJ, Isalberti M, Piechowiak EI, Merlani P, Reinert M, Cianfoni A. Stellate ganglion block combined with intra-arterial treatment: a "one-stop shop" for cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage-a pilot study. Neuroradiology. 2021 Oct;63(10):1701-1708. doi: 10.1007/s00234-021-02689-9. Epub 2021 Mar 16. |
| D014652 | Vascular Diseases |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |
| D020300 | Intracranial Hemorrhages |
| D006470 | Hemorrhage |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |