Working with governments in Bihar, India, we will evaluate a number of mechanisms to increase vaccine uptake. These include household vaccination visits instead of community vaccination clinic.monetary and non-monetary incentives, and concurrent mask promotion. This ClinicalTrials entry contains results only for the study in Bihar.

The goal of the study is to identify strategies that best promote and support COVID vaccine uptake in developing countries, we propose to test a range of scalable social and behavioural interventions. This could help policy makers design and employ interventions that are effective. This is especially valuable in resource constrained contexts where funds and institutional resources can be diverted towards interventions that have proven to work.

In Bihar the intervention will be village-level social mobilization involving community promotion, including in-person vaccine reinforcement, and household-level social mobilization. Some treatment villages will receive household- level interventions with varying intensity (different proportion of households will be visited). There will also an accompanying mask distribution campaign during household visits where the importance of mask-wearing as a complement to vaccine use will be explained.

This ClinicalTrials entry contains results only for the study in Bihar.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Lives in study village

Exclusion Criteria:

• Does not live in study village

The investigator and outcome assessor will be blind to study arm assignment. Due to the nature of the intervention, participants and care providers will not be blind to intervention assignment; however they are likely to be unaware of intervention components because they are not expect to communicate with those who are assigned to a different intervention arm