BPA Levels Relationship With IVF/ICSI Outcomes in Patients With Male Factor

Impact of Blood and Ejaculate Bisphenol A Concentrations on ICSI Cycles Outcome in Patients With Male Factor

Association between blood and semen BPA levels and ICSI outcomes in patients with male factor

Inclusion Criteria:

• female patients aged 23-40 years who underwent IVF due to male factor
• men with semen sample obtained from ejaculate
• male patients provided blood, and ejaculate samples on the oocyte retrieval day
• patients who did not smoke or use alcohol
• patients did not work in the plastic industry

Exclusion Criteria:

• men with a diagnosis of azoospermia
• patients who underwent IVF due to low ovarian reserve or unexplained infertility indications
• patients diagnosed with endometriosis
• patients with freeze-all cycles
• women with metabolic disease (such as hypertension or diabetes mellitus)
• patients (male or females) with a known genetic problem (male or female)