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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Maastricht University Medical Center | OTHER |
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Preclinical studies performed at Nestlé Research (NR) identified oleuropein as a novel activator of mitochondrial calcium import. This potentiated mitochondrial calcium uptake resulted in decreased phosphorylation of the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), which is linked to its activation as a rate limiting enzyme for mitochondrial oxidation, as well as increasing mitochondrial oxygen consumption, resulting ultimately in decreases in muscle fatigue. In addition, NR demonstrated that during aging, mitochondrial calcium and oxygen consumption rates are decreased in isolated skeletal muscle fibers. The next step in the evidence development is to demonstrate efficacy of oleuropein for improved muscle energy and decreased physical fatigue in a healthy aging population.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Investigational product | Experimental | The investigational product is a capsule containing 100mg of the active ingredient oleuropein and will be provided once daily in the form of a 250mg olive leaf extract (i.e. 100mg of oleuropein per day) product for the duration of the intervention period (36 days). |
|
| Control arm | Placebo Comparator | The control will be a placebo capsule containing 336 mg of cellulose microcrystalline, matching the investigational product appearance. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Olive leaf extract | Other | The investigational product is a capsule containing 100mg of the active ingredient oleuropein and will be provided once daily in the form of a 250mg olive leaf extract (i.e. 100mg of oleuropein per day) product for the duration of the intervention period (36 days). |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Exploratory outcomes - Evaluate the changes in Pyruvate dehydrogenase activation between oleuropein and placebo groups following 1 single dose | measured by western blotting | Chronic effect after 36 days of intake |
| Exploratory outcomes - Evaluate the changes in Pyruvate dehydrogenase activation between oleuropein and placebo groups following 1 single dose | measured by biochemical assay analysis | Acute effect after first product intake + chronic effect after 36 days of intake |
| Exploratory outcomes - to evaluate the changes Mitocondrial respiration between oleuropein and placebo groups following 1 single dose | measured the rates of oxygen consumption (respiration or JO2) using Oroboros Oxygraph 2K systems with physiological ADP concentrations using permeabilized muscle fibres. | Acute effect after first product intake + chronic effect after 36 days of intake |
| Exploratory outcomes- to evaluate the changes of fatigue between oleuropein and placebo groups following 1 single dose | measured using Biodex dynamometer | After 4 weeks of supplementation |
| Exploratory outcomes - to evaluate the changes of fatigue between oleuropein and placebo groups | measured using Biodex dynamometer | Chronic effect (after 29 days of supplementation) |
| Exploratory outcomes - to evaluate the changes of Pyruvate dehydrogenase activation between oleuropein and placebo groups | measured by western blotting | Chronic effect (after 36 days of supplementation) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Exploratory outcomes - to evaluate the changes of whole body respiratory exchange ratio (RER) between oleuropein and placebo groups following 1 single dose | measured the oxygen and carbon dioxide volume using indirect calorimetry with ventilated hood | Acute effect after first product intake+ chronic effect after 36 days of intake |
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Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Luc van Loon | Maastricht University Medical Center | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maastricht University Medical Centre + | Maastricht | Netherlands |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 39993475 | Derived | Pinckaers PJ, Petrick HL, Horstman AM, Moreno-Asso A, De Marchi U, Hendriks FK, Kuin LM, Fuchs CJ, Grathwohl D, Verdijk LB, Zorenc AH, Senden JM, Migliavacca E, Metairon S, Poquet L, Morin-Rivron D, Karagounis LG, Holloway GP, Feige JN, van Loon LJ. Oleuropein Supplementation Increases Resting Skeletal Muscle Fractional Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Activity but Does Not Influence Whole-Body Metabolism: A Randomized, Double-Blind, and Placebo-Controlled Trial in Healthy, Older Males. J Nutr. 2025 May;155(5):1373-1386. doi: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2025.02.015. Epub 2025 Feb 22. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005221 | Fatigue |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| C000716987 | olive leaf extract |
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This is a single-centre, double-blind, placebo controlled, randomised 2-arms parallel group study.
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This is a single-centre, double-blind, placebo controlled, randomised 2-arms parallel group study.
|
| Placebo | Other | The control will be a placebo capsule containing 336 mg of cellulose microcrystalline, matching the investigational product appearance. |
|
| Exploratory outcomes - to evaluate the changes of Pyruvate dehydrogenase activation between oleuropein and placebo groups | measured by biochemical assay analysis | Chronic effect (after 36 days of supplementation) |
| Exploratory outcomes - To evaluate the changes of Mitochondrial respiration between oleuropein and placebo groups | measured the rates of oxygen consumption (respiration or JO2) using Oroboros Oxygraph 2K systems with physiological ADP concentrations using permeabilized muscle fibres. | Chronic effect (after 36 days of supplementation) |
| Exploratory outcomes - to evaluate the changes of oleuropein metabolites between oleuropein and placebo groups following 1 single dose |
measured by the analyze of oleuropein metabolites in blood |
| Acute effect after first product intake + chronic effect after 36 days of intake |
| Exploratory outcomes - to evaluate the changes of glucose concentration between oleuropein and placebo groups following 1 single dose | measured by the analyze glucose in blood | Acute effect after first product intake + chronic effect after 36 days of intake |
| Exploratory outcomes - to evaluate the changes Blood glucose, insulin, free fatty acid concentrations -between oleuropein and placebo groups following 1 single dose | measured by the analyze of Insulin in blood | Acute effect after first product intake + chronic effect after 36 days of intake |
| Exploratory outcomes - to evaluate the changes of free fatty acid concentration between oleuropein and placebo groups following 1 single dose | measured by the analyze of free fatty acid concentration (FFA, TG) in blood | Acute effect after first product intake + chronic effect after 36 days of intake |
| Exploratory outcomes - to evaluate the changes of blood pressure between oleuropein and placebo groups following 1 single dose | measured using automated inflatable cuff | Acute effect after first product intake + chronic effect after 36 days of intake |
| Exploratory outcomes - to evaluate the changes of anti-inflammatory markers between oleuropein and placebo groups | measured by the analyze of anti-inflammatory markers in blood | Chronic effect (after 29 days of supplementation) |
| Exploratory outcomes - to evaluate the changes of Antioxidant markers between oleuropein and placebo groups | measured by the analyze of antioxidant markers in blood | Chronic effect (after 29 days of supplementation) |
| Exploratory outcomes - to evaluate the changes in glucose concentration between oleuropein and placebo groups | measured by the analyze glucose in blood | Chronic effect (after 29 days of supplementation) |
| Exploratory outcomes - to evaluate the changes of insulin concentration between oleuropein and placebo groups | measured by the analyze of insulin in blood | Chronic effect (after 29 days of supplementation) |
| Exploratory outcomes - to evaluate the changes of free fatty acid concentration between oleuropein and placebo groups | measured by the analyze of free fatty acid concentration (FFA, TG) in blood | Chronic effect (after 29 days of supplementation) |
| Exploratory outcomes - to evaluate the changes in Mood state and quality of life between oleuropein and placebo groups | measured with the World Health Organisation quality of life questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) (rating 0 for 'not at all' and 5 for 'an extreme amount') | Chronic effect (after 29 days of supplementation) |
| Exploratory outcomes - to evaluate the changes in Mood state and quality of life between oleuropein and placebo groups | measured with the Profile of Mood States - short-form (POMS-SF) - scale (rating 0 for 'not at all' and 4 for 'extremely') | Chronic effect (after 29 days of supplementation) |
| Exploratory outcomes - to evaluate the changes in Mood state and quality of life between oleuropein and placebo groups | measured with the Quality of Life (QoL) questionnaires | Chronic effect (after 29 days of supplementation) |
| Exploratory outcomes - to evaluate the changes in the fatigue perception and mood state pre/post Biodex measurement between oleuropein and placebo groups | measured with the current mood questionnaire (rating 0 for 'not at all' - 4 for 'extremely') | Chronic effect (after 29 days of supplementation) |
| Exploratory outcomes - to evaluate the changes in the fatigue perception and mood state pre/post Biodex measurement between oleuropein and placebo groups | RPE visual analog scale Questionnaire - BORG scale (6 for 'no exertion - 20 for 'maximal exertion' | Chronic effect (after 29 days of supplementation) |
| Exploratory outcomes to evaluate the changes in body composition between oleuropein and placebo groups | measure the whole body muscle and fat content using Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) | Chronic effect (after 29 days of supplementation) |
| Exploratory outcomes - Whole body respiratory exchange ratio - To evaluate the changes of Whole body respiratory exchange ratio (RER) between oleuropein and placebo groups | measure the oxygen and dioxygen volume using Indirect calorimetry with ventilation hood | Chronic effect (after 36 days of supplementation) |
| Exploratory outcomes - To evaluate the changes of oleuropein metabolites between oleuropein and placebo groups | measure by analyzing Oleuropein metabolites in blood | Chronic effect (after 36 days of supplementation) |
| Exploratory outcomes - to evaluate the changes of molecular signalling, and protein and mRNA levels of regulators of muscle metabolism between oleuropein and placebo groups | measured by analyzing RNAseq and MS-based proteomics | Chronic effect (after 36 days of supplementation) |
| Exploratory outcomes - to evaluate the changes of molecular signalling, and protein and mRNA levels of regulators oleuropein and placebo groups | measured using Western Blot | Chronic effect (after 36 days of supplementation) |
| Exploratory outcomes - to evaluate the changes of molecular signalling, and protein and mRNA levels of regulators oleuropein and placebo groups | measured by analyzing polymerase chain reaction | Chronic effect (after 36 days of supplementation) |
| Exploratory outcomes - to evaluate the changes in Strength between oleuropein and placebo groups | measured using biodex dynanometer | After 4 weeks of supplementation |
| Exploratory outcomes to evaluate the changes of strenght between oleuropein | measured using biodex dynanometer | Chronic effect (after 29 days of supplementation) |