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This study investigates the effect of education and counseling on anxiety and depression in nullipar women.
Pregnancy is a special process in a woman's life in which physiological, social and psychological changes occur. In this process, most women experience anxiety and depression, which are an important global health problem.The fear of uncertainty experienced by women who will become mothers for the first time may cause them to experience more anxiety/depression. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of education and counseling on anxiety and depression of women.
This randomized controlled study was conducted at state hospital in northern Turkey , Obstetrics and Gynecology polyclinic between January 2022 and March 2022. Volunteer women undergoing polyclinic have been included. Participants were randomly assigned to the intervention or the control group using a computer-generated list. A data collection form including socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics such as age, educational status, Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) was used for each patient. After obtaining written informed consent, the data collection form, Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) were applied to both groups by face to face interview. Immediately after the questionnaires were applied, the nurse gave individual education and counseling were giving by the nurse researcher to intervention group for 30 minutes. Participants in the control group received standard care (verbal information about procedure and a short written information about the procedure) and no intervention (education and counseling) was performed.The IBM SPSS (Statistical package for the Social Sciences) 23.0 package program was used to evaluate the data obtained in the study.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Education and Counseling | Experimental | After obtaining written informed consent, the data collection form, Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) was applied to both groups by face to face interview. Immediately after the questionnaires were applied, the nurse gave individual education and counseling were giving by the nurse researcher to intervention group for 30 minutes. Women were counseled for 6 weeks. Anxiety-depression levels (post-test) were applied by phone call 6 weeks later.This education consisted of the definition and the purpose of pregnancy and pregnancy problems and nutrition during pregnancy, sexuality during pregnancy, number of fetal movements, preparation of the delivery bag, breast care, etc. |
|
| control group | No Intervention | Participants in the control group received standard care (verbal information about procedure and a short written information about the procedure) and no intervention (education and counseling) was performed.The control group was called by phone at the end of 6 weeks and told that they would be retested and 6 weeks later, they were called by phone and their anxiety and depression levels (posttest) were applied. directed to continue |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Education and counseling | Behavioral | After obtaining informed consent, the data collection form, Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) was applied to both groups by face to face interview. Immediately after the questionnaires were answered, individual education and counseling were giving by the nurse researcher to intervention group for 30 minutes. In addition, the education and counseling given to the participants by the researcher.The experimental group was given a telephone number where they could receive consultancy services for 12 hours a day. Pre-test was applied. One day later, the pregnant woman was called and encouraged to call for all her questions, and she was informed that she would be returned when she called. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) | The HADS contains 14 items and consists of two subscales: anxiety and depression. Each item is rated on a four-point scale, giving maximum scores of 21 for anxiety and depression. Scores of 11 or more on either subscale are considered to be a significant 'case' of psychological morbidity, while scores of 8-10 represents 'borderline' and 0-7 'normal' (Zigmont ve Snaith). | 30 minutes |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Emine KOÇ, Asst.Prof | Ondokuz Mayıs University | Principal Investigator |
| Nazlı BALTACI, Asst.Prof | Ondokuz Mayıs University | Study Chair |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ondokuz Mayis University | Samsun | Atakum | 55200 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 30831542 | Background | Ma X, Wang Y, Hu H, Tao XG, Zhang Y, Shi H. The impact of resilience on prenatal anxiety and depression among pregnant women in Shanghai. J Affect Disord. 2019 May 1;250:57-64. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.02.058. Epub 2019 Feb 26. | |
| 30739036 | Background | Gonzalez-Mesa E, Kabukcuoglu K, Korukcu O, Blasco M, Ibrahim N, Cazorla-Granados O, Kavas T. Correlates for state and trait anxiety in a multicultural sample of Turkish and Spanish women at first trimester of pregnancy. J Affect Disord. 2019 Apr 15;249:1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.01.036. Epub 2019 Jan 31. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D004522 | Educational Status |
| D003376 | Counseling |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012959 | Socioeconomic Factors |
| D011154 | Population Characteristics |
| D008605 | Mental Health Services |
| D004191 | Behavioral Disciplines and Activities |
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This randomized controlled study was conducted at state hospital of nothern Turkey Obstetrics and Gynecology polyclinic between January 2021 and January 2022. The CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) guidelines for reporting randomised controlled trials (RCTs) has been used to describe the methods.
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| D003153 | Community Health Services |
| D006296 | Health Services |
| D005159 | Health Care Facilities Workforce and Services |