Inclusion Criteria:
- Self-reported:
- Participant is 18 years or older.
- Participant considers herself or himself to be Hispanic/Latino.
- Participant has Spanish as their primary and dominant language, or reports speaking Spanish as equally as good as she or he speaks English.
- Participant is able to see well (naturally or corrected by means of eyeglasses or lenses).
- Participant is able to hear well (naturally or corrected by means of a hearing aid).
- Participant is able to use their fingers, hands and arms to write symbols.
- Participant has valid health insurance.
Investigator observed:
- Participant is able to give informed consent.
- Participant is able to understand test instructions and participate fully in testing.
- Participant has normal fine and gross motor ability.
Exclusion Criteria:
- Self-reported:
- Participant has participated in previous studies where IntelliSpace Cognition was used (PJ-011726: "Study to establish the psychometric properties of the digital cognitive tests on the Philips IntelliSpace Cognition Platform" conducted during 2019 or ICBE-S-000233: "Norms Expansion and Validation for IntelliSpace Cognition" conducted during 2021).
- Participant is currently admitted to a hospital, assisted living, nursing home or a psychiatric facility.
- Participant is diagnosed with a neurological disorder or disease that may affect cognitive functioning (e.g., Parkinson's, brain tumor, stroke, Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI), epilepsy, encephalitis, dementia).
Admissible: Epilepsy with no more than 2 seizures and not currently receiving epilepsy treatment and not currently seeking medical attention related to seizures.
• Participant is diagnosed with a language disorder or aphasia (expressive or mixed receptive/expressive).
Admissible: Articulation disorder.
- Participant is diagnosed with a learning disorder.
- Participant is diagnosed with an autoimmune disorder that may affect cognitive functioning (e.g., LUPUS, Multiple Sclerosis).
- Participant is or was diagnosed with a current or past psychotic disorder (e.g., schizophrenia).
- Participant is diagnosed with a severe mood disorder. Admissible: Major Depressive Disorder in remission / Major Depressive Disorder with no current episode / Dysthymic Disorder / Adjustment Disorder
- Participant is diagnosed with a severe anxiety disorder. Admissible: Phobia / Anxiety disorders with symptoms not significant enough to interfere with test performance.
- Participant is or was diagnosed with current or past Autism Spectrum Disorder or Intellectual Disability.
- Participant is diagnosed with a current substance abuse or dependence. Admissible: In remission for at least 1 year.
- Participant has carried a substance abuse or dependence diagnosis for more than 10 years at any point in their life.
- Participant has an average alcohol consumption of 4 or more units per day.
- Participant uses medical marijuana.
- Participant uses recreational marijuana more than once a week.
- Participant uses recreational drugs other than alcohol and marijuana in the last 6 months (e.g., cocaine, ecstasy, LSD).
- Participant has been unconscious related to traumatic brain injury or "medical condition" for more than 20 minutes.
Admissible: Medication-induced or due to heat stroke.
- Participant has stayed in a hospital overnight due to a head injury.
- Participant has had a medical event requiring resuscitation in which they were non-responsive for more than 15 minutes.
- Participant has received chemotherapy treatment in the past 2 months.
- Participant has received electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).
- Participant has received radiation to the central nervous system.
- Participant experiences a physical condition or illness that interferes with normal cognitive functioning at work, school, Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs) etc.
Admissible: Diabetes, hypothyroidism, hypertension if controlled.
- Participant is currently taking anti-convulsants (e.g. Depakote, Lamictal or Lyrica, Gabapentin, Keppra, Topamax, Divalproex Sodium, Valproate Sodium, Levetiracetam, Lamotrigine, Pregabalin, Topiramate).
- Participant is currently taking anti-psychotics (e.g. Abilify, Rexulti, Zyprexa, Clozaril, Clozapine, Latuda, Seroquel, Risperdal, Risperidone, Aripipazle, Bexipiprazole, Olanzapine, Lurasidone HCL, Quetiapine).
- Participant is currently taking benzodiazepines (e.g. Diazepams, Valium, Klonopin, Ativan, Xanax, Lorazepam, Alprazolam, Clonazepam).
- Participant is currently taking psychostimulants (e.g. Amphetamines, Adderall, Ritalin, Methamphetamines, Dextroamphetamine, Methylphenidate HCL).
Admissible: Coffee.
- Participant is currently taking opioids (e.g. Oxycontin, Tramadol, Codeine, Dilaudid, Suboxone, Oxycodone, Percocet, Buprenorhine, Naloxone).
- Participant is currently taking antidepressants (e.g. Amitriptyline, Elavil, Pamelor, Tofranil, Vivactil, Imipramine, Protriptyline HCL).
Admissible: Antidepressants that are not tricyclic.
- Participant is currently taking oxybutynin (Ditropan).
- Participant is currently seeking medical diagnostic procedures for cognitive difficulties from a medical professional.
- Participant has received neuropsychological testing before. Admissible: Previous MMSE (-2) or MoCA testing more than 6 months prior.
Investigator observed:
- Participant shows evidence of current cognitive impairment.
- Participant displays disruptive behavior or insufficient compliance with testing to ensure a valid assessment.
- Participant is primarily nonverbal or uncommunicative.