This is a study of immune responses after eating gluten powder in people with celiac disease and healthy controls.

This is a multi-site open-label single dose gluten challenge study. Participants will provide a blood sample for measurement of cytokines before and 4 hours after eating gluten powder.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. On a gluten-free diet for ≥ 4 weeks
2. Willing to consume gluten for research
3. For the celiac disease arm, diagnosis confirmed by serology and/or histology

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Pregnancy
2. Wheat allergy
3. Type 1 diabetes
4. BMI z-score < -2
5. History of more than minimal symptoms following gluten exposure on a gluten-free diet
6. Comorbid condition that in the opinion of the investigator would interfere with study participation or would confound study results

Individual participant demographic and cytokine data collected during the trial, after deidentification.

Beginning 3 months and ending 5 years following article publication.

Researchers who provide a methodologically sound proposal