It is a retrospective study. Patients, who presented with either traumatic or general surgery emergencies, undergone exploratory laparotomy, had an open abdomen management and received Direct Peritoneal Resuscitation in addition to standard resuscitation will be considered as meeting the criteria to collect the data.

Due to the high volume of patient transfers from different facilities with difficult intra-abdominal pathologies and the high case-mix index at Westchester Medical Center, we see many patients who require re-operations and open abdominal management. Since July1st of 2020 we have been using DPR in addition to standard iv fluids on all patients who undergo open abdominal management and it is now standard of care at our facility. we plan to collect the data from all qualified subjects who received DRP since 7/1/2020 to 6/30/2022.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Adult patients 18 years of age or older.
• Trauma or General surgery patients who undergo emergency abdominal surgery via laparotomy and who had open abdominal management during the index procedure at our institution.
• Patients who are transferred to our institution with an already open abdomen will also be eligible if they required continued open abdominal management.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients <18 years are excluded.

Adult patients 18 and above, who presents with either traumatic or general surgery emergencies and undergone exploratory laparotomy had an open abdomen management and received DPR in addition to standard resuscitation will be considered as meeting the criteria to be in the study.

no plan as of now