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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| King's College London | OTHER |
| Ministry of Education, Malaysia | OTHER_GOV |
| Ministry of Health, Malaysia | OTHER_GOV |
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Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is an increasingly common condition of pregnancy and is associated with adverse foetal, infant, and maternal outcomes. Over 50% of women with history of GDM will develop type 2 diabetes (T2D) in later life. Asian women experience disproportionate risk of both GDM and T2D compared to women from other ethnic groups. Lifestyle interventions have been proven to be effective in preventing progression to T2DM in high-risk populations. This is a two-arm, parallel feasibility RCT. Sixty Malaysian women with GDM will be randomized to receive the intervention or standard care in the antenatal period to 12 months postpartum. The intervention is a diabetes prevention intervention delivered via a smartphone application developed based on the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) model of behavior change and group support utilizing motivational interviewing, which will provide women with tailored information and support to encourage weight loss through adapted dietary intake and physical activity. Women in the control arm will receive standard care.
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a global health challenge, with rates increasing around the world. The adverse short and long-term health outcomes of GDM for both mother and their offspring have been well established. In the long-terms women are up to ten times more likely to develop T2D after GDM and approximately 50% of mothers with GDM will develop diabetes within 10 years. Considerable evidence from several landmark studies has shown that healthy lifestyle interventions and behaviour change can delay or even prevent the onset of T2D in high-risk populations. Given women with prior GDM are at high risk of developing T2D earlier in their lifespan than women with normoglycemic pregnancies, intervening early with an effective diabetes prevention intervention offers a unique window of opportunity along the life-course for the prevention of T2D for the mother. Mobile health (mHealth) is a rapidly growing field of public health, defined as the use of mobile phones and other wireless technology to support the achievement of health objectives. Due to the increasing ownership rate of smartphones, significant numbers of mHealth applications 'apps' have been developed. Pregnant and postpartum women are increasingly utilising such technologies as sources of health information and services for pregnancy self-care and infant care.
The overall aim of the RCT is to test the feasibility of undertaking a definitive trial of a diabetes prevention intervention delivered via a smartphone app over 15-months in women with GDM from randomisation in the antenatal period to 12 months postpartum.
Sixty participants will be recruited from three public health clinics within the southern Selangor state of Malaysia. Women will be eligible for recruitment if they meet the following criteria: i) aged above 18 years, ii) diagnosed with GDM defined using fasting blood glucose > 5.1mmol/1 or 2-hour postprandial >7.8mmol/1 which are the standard guidelines for diagnosis of GDM in Malaysia, iii) permanent resident in the state of Selangor, iv) registered in one of the study health clinics v) owning a smartphone (iOS 11 or Android 7), vi) able to speak, read, and understand English and/or Malay. Women will be excluded if they meet any of the following criteria: i) are having a twin pregnancy, ii) have type 1 or 2 diabetes, iii) have severe physical disability that would prevent any increased uptake of physical exercise, iv) have severe mental illness (psychosis, bipolar, substance dependence or active suicidal ideation), v) are currently participating in a weight loss program or diabetes prevention intervention.
Women who meet study inclusion criteria and consent to study participation will be randomised to either the intervention or control arm. The intervention consists of a smartphone app for women with GDM called MyManis (the English meaning of MyManis is 'my sweet (baby)' and a virtual peer support group. The development of the app was guided by the Information-Motivation-Behavioural Skills (IMB) model of behaviour change. The MyManis app aims to provide women with information and support and motivation to act on this information to make lifestyle behaviour changes in diet and physical activity from pregnancy to post-partum. The app is available for women in both Malay and English. Women allocated to the control arm will receive standard care and no digital intervention.
The overall aim of the RCT is to test the feasibility of undertaking a definitive trial of a diabetes prevention intervention including a smartphone app and group support over 15-months in women with GDM from randomization in the antenatal period to 12 months postpartum.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention arm | Active Comparator | Women who meet study inclusion criteria and consent to study participation will be randomised using sealed envelope randomisation and online database for clinical trials to one of two groups in a 1:1 ratio. |
|
| Control arm | No Intervention | Women allocated to the control arm will receive standard care and no digital intervention. This includes self-monitoring blood glucose and lifestyle advice (diet, physical activity, optimal body weight) by a multidisciplinary team. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MyManis app | Other | The women will receive a brochure outlining the app features and step guide on how to download the app which will be available in both Bahasa Melayu and English languages. A link to download the app via text message will also be sent to participants for convenience. Once the app has been downloaded, participants will be invited to set up an account. Once completed this will give them full access to the MyManis app. The key component of MyManis app content presented under six main tabs which are homepage, information, diet, exercise, wellbeing and GDM monitoring. The women will be invited to join group peer support through WhatsApp facilitated by a dietitian trained in motivational interviewing. The women will be notified via text message if an update of the app is required. If there's women who have not accessed the app for over a two-week period will be flagged and a notification will be sent via the app to motivate app engagement. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Number of women who were randomised to the treatment groups. | The proportion of women who were randomised (numerator) out of those identified from the clinical registers (study population as denominator) | Collected antenatally at 30 weeks pregnancy |
| Number of women that take up the intervention | The proportion of women who take up the intervention (numerator) out of those in the intervention arm (denominator) | Collected antenatally at 36 weeks pregnancy |
| Number of women that take up the intervention | The proportion of women who take up the intervention (numerator) out of those in the intervention arm (denominator) | Collected antenatally at 6 months after delivery. |
| Number of women that take up the intervention | The proportion of women who take up the intervention (numerator) out of those in the intervention arm (denominator) | Collected antenatally at 12 months after delivery. |
| Number of women withdrawn or loss to follow up | The proportion of women who are withdrawn or lost to follow-up (numerator) out of those randomised (denominator) | Collected antenatally at 36 weeks pregnancy |
| Number of women withdrawn or loss to follow up | The proportion of women who are withdrawn or lost to follow-up (numerator) out of those randomised (denominator) | Collected antenatally at 3 months after delivery |
| Number of women withdrawn or loss to follow up |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Number of women consented | The proportion of women who give consent for screening eligibility (numerator) out of those identified from clinical registers (denominator) | Collected antenatally at 24-28 weeks pregnancy |
| Number of women randomised |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Body weight at T0 | Weight (kg) | Collected antenatally at T0: 30 weeks pregnancy |
| Body weight at T1 | Weight (kg) | Collected antenatally at T1: 36 weeks pregnancy |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
only FEMALE.
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BOON HOW CHEW | Contact | 0126900652 | chewboonhow@upm.edu.my | |
| IKLIL IMAN MOHD SA'ID | Contact | iklil17493@gmail.com |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| BOON HOW CHEW | Universiti Putra Malaysia | Principal Investigator |
| KHALIDA ISMAIL | King's College London | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Klinik Kesihatan Putrajaya Presint 9 | Recruiting | Putrajaya | Kuala Lumpur | 62250 | Malaysia |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Background | Mohd Sa'id, I. I., Papachristou Nadal, I., Forbes, A., Goldsmith, K., Ismail, I. Z., Hassan, F., Ching, S. M., Guess, N., Murphy, H., Prina, M., Mohd Yusoff, B. N., Basri, N. I., Binti Salim, M. S., Mahamad Sobri, N. H., Har Yap, P. P., Ismail, K., & Chew, B. H. (2021). A Protocol of Process Evaluations of Interventions for the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes in Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 20. https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069211034010 | ||
| 34446477 | Background | Sobri NHM, Ismail IZ, Hassan F, Papachristou Nadal I, Forbes A, Ching SM, Ali H, Goldsmith K, Murphy H, Guess N, Mohd Yusof BN, Basri NI, Salim MS, Azmiyaty C, Mohd Sa'id II, Chew BH, Ismail K; MYGODDESS Project Team. Protocol for a qualitative study exploring the perception of need, importance and acceptability of a digital diabetes prevention intervention for women with gestational diabetes mellitus during and after pregnancy in Malaysia (Explore-MYGODDESS). BMJ Open. 2021 Aug 26;11(8):e044878. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044878. | |
| Label | URL |
|---|---|
| UKRI website about the project | View source |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D016640 | Diabetes, Gestational |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011248 | Pregnancy Complications |
| D005261 | Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications |
| D000091642 | Urogenital Diseases |
| D003920 | Diabetes Mellitus |
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|
The proportion of women who are withdrawn or lost to follow-up (numerator) out of those randomised (denominator) |
| Collected antenatally at 6 months after delivery |
| Number of women withdrawn or loss to follow up | The proportion of women who are withdrawn or lost to follow-up (numerator) out of those randomised (denominator) | Collected antenatally at 9 months after delivery |
| Number of women withdrawn or loss to follow up | The proportion of women who are withdrawn or lost to follow-up (numerator) out of those randomised (denominator) | Collected antenatally at 12 months after delivery |
The proportion of women who were randomised (numerator) out of those eligible to participate (denominator)
| Collected antenatally at 24-28 weeks pregnancy |
| Number of women completed the secondary outcomes | The proportion of those who completed the secondary outcomes at follow-up (numerator) out of those randomised (denominator) | Collected antenatally at 36 weeks pregnancy |
| Number of women completed the secondary outcomes | The proportion of those who completed the secondary outcomes at follow-up (numerator) out of those randomised (denominator) | Collected antenatally at 3 months after delivery |
| Number of women completed the secondary outcomes | The proportion of those who completed the secondary outcomes at follow-up (numerator) out of those randomised (denominator) | Collected antenatally at 6 months after delivery |
| Number of women completed the secondary outcomes | The proportion of those who completed the secondary outcomes at follow-up (numerator) out of those randomised (denominator) | Collected antenatally at 9 months after delivery |
| Number of women completed the secondary outcomes | The proportion of those who completed the secondary outcomes at follow-up (numerator) out of those randomised (denominator) | Collected antenatally at 12 months after delivery |
| Number of women randomised | The number of women randomised per month overall, and per month per study site. | Collected antenatally at 30 weeks pregnancy |
| Body weight at T2 | Weight (kg) | Collected antenatally at T2: 3 months after delivery |
| Body weight at T3 | Weight (kg) | Collected antenatally at T3: 6 months after delivery |
| Body weight at T4 | Weight (kg) | Collected antenatally at T4: 9 months after delivery |
| Body weight at T5 | Weight (kg) | Collected antenatally at T5: 12 months after delivery |
| Height at T0 | measured for 1 time only (in centimetres, cm) | Collected antenatally at T0: 30 weeks pregnancy |
| Body mass index at T0 | calculated as body weight divided by (heightxheight) (kg/m^2) | Collected antenatally at T0: 30 weeks pregnancy |
| Body mass index at T1 | calculated as body weight divided by (heightxheight) (kg/m^2) | Collected antenatally at T1: 36 weeks pregnancy |
| Body mass index at T2 | calculated as body weight divided by (heightxheight) (kg/m^2) | Collected antenatally at T2: 3 months after delivery |
| Body mass index at T3 | calculated as body weight divided by (heightxheight) (kg/m^2) | Collected antenatally at T3: 6 months after delivery |
| Body mass index at T4 | calculated as body weight divided by (heightxheight) (kg/m^2) | Collected antenatally at T4: 9 months after delivery |
| Body mass index at T5 | calculated as body weight divided by (heightxheight) (kg/m^2) | Collected antenatally at T5: 12 months after delivery |
| Body fat percentage at T0 | Body fat percentage reported in % (to 1 decimal point) | Collected antenatally at T0: 30 weeks pregnancy |
| Body fat percentage at T1 | Body fat percentage reported in % (to 1 decimal point) | Collected antenatally at T1: 36 weeks pregnancy |
| Body fat percentage at T2 | Body fat percentage reported in % (to 1 decimal point) | Collected antenatally at T2: 3 months after delivery |
| Body fat percentage at T3 | Body fat percentage reported in % (to 1 decimal point) | Collected antenatally at T3: 6 months after delivery |
| Body fat percentage at T4 | Body fat percentage reported in % (to 1 decimal point) | Collected antenatally at T4: 9 months after delivery |
| Body fat percentage at T5 | Body fat percentage reported in % (to 1 decimal point) | Collected antenatally at T5: 12 months after delivery |
| Blood pressure reading at T0 | measure systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | Collected antenatally at T0: 30 weeks pregnancy |
| Blood pressure reading at T1 | measure systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | Collected antenatally at T1: 36 weeks pregnancy |
| Blood pressure reading at T3 | measure systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | Collected antenatally at T3: 6 months after delivery |
| Blood pressure reading at T5 | measure systolic and diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | Collected antenatally at T5: 12 months after delivery |
| Total Cholestrol at T0 | Total Cholestrol (mmol/L) | Collected antenatally at T0: 30 weeks pregnancy |
| Total Cholestrol at T1 | Total Cholestrol (mmol/L) | Collected antenatally at T1: 36 weeks pregnancy |
| Total Cholestrol at T3 | Total Cholestrol (mmol/L) | Collected antenatally at T3: 6 months after delivery |
| Total Cholestrol at T5 | Total Cholestrol (mmol/L) | Collected antenatally at T5: 12 months after delivery |
| Low Density Lipoprotein Cholestrol at T0 | Low Density Lipoprotein Cholestrol, LDL (mmol/L) | Collected antenatally at T0: 30 weeks pregnancy |
| Low Density Lipoprotein Cholestrol at T1 | Low Density Lipoprotein Cholestrol, LDL (mmol/L) | Collected antenatally at T1: 36 weeks pregnancy |
| Low Density Lipoprotein Cholestrol at T3 | Low Density Lipoprotein Cholestrol, LDL (mmol/L) | Collected antenatally at T3: 6 months after delivery |
| Low Density Lipoprotein Cholestrol at T5 | Low Density Lipoprotein Cholestrol, LDL (mmol/L) | Collected antenatally at T5: 12 months after delivery |
| High Density Lipoprotein cholesterol at T0 | High Density Lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL (mmol/L) | Collected antenatally at T0: 30 weeks pregnancy |
| High Density Lipoprotein cholesterol at T1 | High Density Lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL (mmol/L) | Collected antenatally at T1: 36 weeks pregnancy |
| High Density Lipoprotein cholesterol at T3 | High Density Lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL (mmol/L) | Collected antenatally at T3: 6 months after delivery |
| High Density Lipoprotein cholesterol at T5 | High Density Lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL (mmol/L) | Collected antenatally at T5: 12 months after delivery |
| HbA1c at T0 | HbA1c (%) | Collected antenatally at T0: 30 weeks pregnancy |
| HbA1c at T1 | HbA1c (%) | Collected antenatally at T1: 36 weeks pregnancy |
| HbA1c at T3 | HbA1c (%) | Collected antenatally at T3: 6 months after delivery |
| HbA1c at T5 | HbA1c (%) | Collected antenatally at T5: 12 months after delivery |
| Fasting blood glucose at T0 | Fasting blood glucose (mmol/l) | Collected antenatally at T0: 30 weeks pregnancy |
| Fasting blood glucose at T1 | Fasting blood glucose (mmol/l) | Collected antenatally at T1: 36 weeks pregnancy |
| Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) Fasting at T3 | Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) Fasting (mmol/l) | Collected antenatally at T3: 6 months after delivery |
| Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) Fasting at T5 | Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) Fasting (mmol/l) | Collected antenatally at T5: 12 months after delivery |
| Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) 2-hour Postprandial at T3 | Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) 2-hour Postprandial (mmol/l) | Collected antenatally at T3: 6 months after delivery |
| Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) 2-hour Postprandial at T5 | Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) 2-hour Postprandial (mmol/l) | Collected antenatally at T5: 12 months after delivery |
| Fasting Serum Insulin at T0 | Fasting Serum Insulin (U/mL) | Collected antenatally at T0: 30 weeks pregnancy |
| Fasting Serum Insulin at T1 | Fasting Serum Insulin (U/mL) | Collected antenatally at T1: 36 weeks pregnancy |
| Fasting Serum Insulin at T3 | Fasting Serum Insulin (U/mL) | Collected antenatally at T3: 6 months after delivery |
| Fasting Serum Insulin at T5 | Fasting Serum Insulin (U/mL) | Collected antenatally at T5: 12 months after delivery |
| Insulin resistance at T0 | Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) | Collected antenatally at T0: 30 weeks pregnancy |
| Insulin resistance at T1 | Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) | Collected antenatally at T1: 36 weeks pregnancy |
| Insulin resistance at T3 | Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) | Collected antenatally at T3: 6 months after delivery |
| Insulin resistance at T5 | Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) | Collected antenatally at T5: 12 months after delivery |
| Total score for Self-efficacy for exercise at T0 | This scale consist of 18 items whereby the response options are ranging from 0-100, ranging in 10-unit intervals from 0 (cannot do); through intermediate degrees of assurance, 50 (moderately certain can do); to complete assurance, 100 (highly certain can do). The scale is scored by summing the numerical ratings for each response and dividing by the number of responses. Higher scores indicates higher self-efficacy for exercise. | Collected at T0: 30 weeks pregnancy |
| Total score for Self-efficacy for exercise at T3 | This scale consist of 18 items whereby the response options are ranging from 0-100, ranging in 10-unit intervals from 0 (cannot do); through intermediate degrees of assurance, 50 (moderately certain can do); to complete assurance, 100 (highly certain can do). The scale is scored by summing the numerical ratings for each response and dividing by the number of responses. Higher scores indicates higher self-efficacy for exercise. | Collected at T3: 6 months after delivery |
| Total score for Self-efficacy for exercise at T5 | This scale consist of 18 items whereby the response options are ranging from 0-100, ranging in 10-unit intervals from 0 (cannot do); through intermediate degrees of assurance, 50 (moderately certain can do); to complete assurance, 100 (highly certain can do). The scale is scored by summing the numerical ratings for each response and dividing by the number of responses. Higher scores indicates higher self-efficacy for exercise. | Collected at T5: 12 months after delivery |
| Mother-infant relationship at T0 | The mother-infant relationship will be assessed using the Maternal Antenatal Attachment Scale which comprises 19 items with response options presented on a 5-point Likert scale. A total score is obtained by summing the responses to the 19 items, resulting in a possible scoring range of 19 to 95. Higher scores are indicative of stronger attachment. | Collected at 30 weeks pregnancy |
| Mother-infant relationship at T3 | The mother-infant relationship will be assessed using the Maternal Antenatal Attachment Scale which comprises 19 items with response options presented on a 5-point Likert scale. A total score is obtained by summing the responses to the 19 items, resulting in a possible scoring range of 19 to 95. Higher scores are indicative of stronger attachment. | Collected at 6 months after delivery |
| Mother-infant relationship at T5 | The mother-infant relationship will be assessed using the Maternal Antenatal Attachment Scale which comprises 19 items with response options presented on a 5-point Likert scale. A total score is obtained by summing the responses to the 19 items, resulting in a possible scoring range of 19 to 95. Higher scores are indicative of stronger attachment. | Collected at 12 months after delivery |
| Depressive symptoms at T0 | The questionnaire consist of 10 items. Add up all checked (Tick) boxes on PHQ-9. For every tick boxes: the score indicated is as below: 0= Not at all; 1=Several days; 2=More than half the days; 3=Nearly every day. Then add the subtotal to produce a total score. The possible range score is 0-27. | Collected at T0: 30 weeks pregnancy |
| Depressive symptoms at T3 | The questionnaire consist of 10 items. Add up all checked (Tick) boxes on PHQ-9. For every tick boxes: the score indicated is as below: 0= Not at all; 1=Several days; 2=More than half the days; 3=Nearly every day. Then add the subtotal to produce a total score. The possible range score is 0-27. | Collected at T3: 6 months after delivery |
| Depressive symptoms at T5 | The questionnaire consist of 10 items. Add up all checked (Tick) boxes on PHQ-9. For every tick boxes: the score indicated is as below: 0= Not at all; 1=Several days; 2=More than half the days; 3=Nearly every day. Then add the subtotal to produce a total score. The possible range score is 0-27. | Collected at T5: 12 months after delivery |
| Dietary intake at T0 | Total macronutrient intake from standardised multiple-pass 24-hour dietary recall) | Collected at T0: 30 weeks pregnancy |
| Dietary intake at T3 | Total macronutrient intake from standardised multiple-pass 24-hour dietary recall) | Collected at T3: 6 months after delivery |
| Dietary intake at T5 | Total macronutrient intake from standardised multiple-pass 24-hour dietary recall) | Collected at T5: 12 months after delivery |
| Physical activity at T0 | The questionnaire consist of 7 items. The total score will be reported as a continuous measure and reported as median METminutes. Median values can be computed for walking (W), moderate-intensity activities (M), and vigorous-intensity activities (V) using the following formulas: MET values and Formula for computation of Met-minutes Walking MET-minutes/week = 3.3 * walking minutes * walking days Moderate MET-minutes/week = 4.0 * moderate-intensity activity minutes * moderate days Vigorous MET-minutes/week = 8.0 * vigorous-intensity activity minutes * vigorous-intensity days A combined total physical activity MET-min/week can be computed as the sum of Walking + Moderate + Vigorous MET-min/week scores. | Collected at T0: 30 weeks pregnancy |
| Physical activity at T3 | The questionnaire consist of 7 items. The total score will be reported as a continuous measure and reported as median METminutes. Median values can be computed for walking (W), moderate-intensity activities (M), and vigorous-intensity activities (V) using the following formulas: MET values and Formula for computation of Met-minutes Walking MET-minutes/week = 3.3 * walking minutes * walking days Moderate MET-minutes/week = 4.0 * moderate-intensity activity minutes * moderate days Vigorous MET-minutes/week = 8.0 * vigorous-intensity activity minutes * vigorous-intensity days A combined total physical activity MET-min/week can be computed as the sum of Walking + Moderate + Vigorous MET-min/week scores. | Collected at T3: 6 months after delivery |
| Physical activity at T5 | The questionnaire consist of 7 items. The total score will be reported as a continuous measure and reported as median METminutes. Median values can be computed for walking (W), moderate-intensity activities (M), and vigorous-intensity activities (V) using the following formulas: MET values and Formula for computation of Met-minutes Walking MET-minutes/week = 3.3 * walking minutes * walking days Moderate MET-minutes/week = 4.0 * moderate-intensity activity minutes * moderate days Vigorous MET-minutes/week = 8.0 * vigorous-intensity activity minutes * vigorous-intensity days A combined total physical activity MET-min/week can be computed as the sum of Walking + Moderate + Vigorous MET-min/week scores. | Collected at T5: 12 months after delivery |
| mean step count at T0 | Number of steps in inbuild smartphone app | Collected at T0: 30 weeks pregnancy |
| mean step count at T3 | Number of steps in inbuild smartphone app | Collected at T3: 6 months after delivery |
| mean step count at T5 | Number of steps in inbuild smartphone app | Collected at T5: 12 months after delivery |
| Infant feeding T3 | Type of feeding status | Collected at T3: 6 months after delivery |
| Infant feeding at T5 | Type of feeding status | Collected at T5: 12 months after delivery |
| Alcohol intake at T0 | Frequency of intake | Collected at T0: 30 weeks pregnancy |
| Alcohol intake at T3 | Frequency of intake | Collected at T3: 6 months after delivery |
| Alcohol intake at T5 | Frequency of intake | Collected at T5: 12 months after delivery |
| Smoking status at T0 | type of smoker | Collected at T0: 30 weeks pregnancy |
| Smoking status at T3 | type of smoker | Collected at T3: 6 months after delivery |
| Smoking status at T5 | type of smoker | Collected at T5: 12 months after delivery |
| Recruitment rate | number of eligible, consented, screened, enrolled, and randomised | Collected at 30 weeks pregnancy |
| T1 Dosage delivered - app download | The number of MyManis app delivered by the researcher and the number of app downloads (n) by the participant. | Collected at T1: 36 weeks pregnancy |
| T3 Dosage delivered - app download | The number of MyManis app delivered by the researcher and the number of app downloads (n) by the participant. | Collected at T3: 6 months after delivery |
| T5 Dosage delivered - app download | The number of MyManis app delivered by the researcher and the number of app downloads (n) by the participant. | Collected at T5: 12 months after delivery |
| T1 Dosage delivered - Support group | Total number of group support sessions (n) planned to deliver by the dietitian train in motivational interviewing. | Collected at T1: 36 weeks pregnancy |
| T3 Dosage delivered - Support group | Total number of group support sessions (n) planned to deliver by the dietitian train in motivational interviewing. | Collected at T3: 6 months after delivery |
| T5 Dosage delivered - Support group | Total number of group support sessions (n) planned to deliver by the dietitian train in motivational interviewing. | Collected at T5: 12 months after delivery |
| T1 Dosage received - Participant's engagement | The number of participant log into MyManis app per month (n) | Collected at T1: 36 weeks pregnancy |
| T3 Dosage received - Participant's engagement | The number of participant log into MyManis app per month (n) | Collected at T3: 6 months after delivery |
| T5 Dosage received - Participant's engagement | The number of participant log into MyManis app per month (n) | Collected at T5: 12 months after delivery |
| T1 Dosage received - length of log in | This is an extent to which participant's engagement through length of participant log into MyManis app (hours and minutes) | Collected at T1: 36 weeks pregnancy |
| T3 Dosage received - length of log in | This is an extent to which participant's engagement through length of participant log into MyManis app (hours and minutes) | Collected at T3: 6 months after delivery |
| T5 Dosage received - length of log in | This is an extent to which participant's engagement through length of participant log into MyManis app (hours and minutes) | Collected at T5: 12 months after delivery |
| T1 Dosage received - time spent on DIET component | Participant time spent on DIET component (hours and minutes) | Collected at T1: 36 weeks pregnancy |
| T1 Dosage received - time spent on EXERCISE component | Participant time spent on EXERCISE component (hours and minutes) | Collected at T1: 36 weeks pregnancy |
| T1 Dosage received - time spent on MENTAL HEALTH component | Participant time spent on MENTAL HEALTH component (hours and minutes) | Collected at T1: 36 weeks pregnancy |
| T3 Dosage received - time spent on DIET component | Time spent on DIET component (hours and minutes) | Collected at T3: 6months after delivery |
| T3 Dosage received - time spent on EXERCISE component | Time spent on EXERCISE component (hours and minutes) | Collected at T3: 6months after delivery |
| T3 Dosage received - time spent on MENTAL HEALTH component | Time spent on MENTAL HEALTH component (hours and minutes) | Collected at T3: 6months after delivery |
| T5 Dosage received - time spent on DIET component | Time spent on DIET component (hours and minutes) | Collected at T5: 12 months after delivery |
| T5 Dosage received - time spent on EXERCISE component | Time spent on EXERCISE component (hours and minutes) | Collected at T5: 12 months after delivery |
| T5 Dosage received - time spent on MENTAL HEALTH component | Time spent on MENTAL HEALTH component (hours and minutes) | Collected at T5: 12 months after delivery |
| Fidelity at T1 | This is an assessment of the researcher in the team to check on the research dietitian's in delivering group support according to a pre-specified plan. This will be reported descriptively. | collected at T1: 36 weeks pregnancy |
| Fidelity at T3 | This is an assessment of the researcher in the team to check on the research dietitian's in delivering group support according to a pre-specified plan. This will be reported descriptively. | collected at T3: 6 months after delivery |
| Fidelity at T5 | This is an assessment of the researcher in the team to check on the research dietitian's in delivering group support according to a pre-specified plan. This will be reported descriptively. | collected at T5: 12 months after delivery |
| Semi-structured interview at T1 | Interviews on participant experiences and satisfaction towards the intervention | Collected at T1: 36 weeks pregnancy |
| Semi-structured interview at T3 | Interviews on participant experiences and satisfaction towards the intervention | Collected at T3: 6 months after delivery |
| Semi-structured interview at T5 | Interviews on participant experiences and satisfaction towards the intervention | Collected at T5: 12 months after delivery |
| Mother infant relationship at T2 | 3-minutes video recording captured through Zoom and coded based on the CARE-INDEX | Collected at T2: 3 months after delivery |
| Satisfaction survey at T5 | acceptability, experience and perceived usefulness of the project | Collected at T5: 12 months after delivery |
| Hypertension | This is a diagnosis by the clinic and reported in the record from anytime after delivery to 3 months postpartum. | Collected at T2: 3 months postpartum |
| Hypercholesterolemia | This is a diagnosis by the clinic and reported in the record from anytime after delivery to 3 months postpartum. | Collected at T2: 3 months postpartum |
| Delivery method | This is reported in the record from anytime after delivery to 3 months postpartum. | Collected at T2: 3 months postpartum |
| Pregnancy complications | This is reported in the record from anytime after delivery to 3 months postpartum. | Collected at T2: 3 months postpartum |
| Birth complications | This is reported in the record from anytime after delivery to 3 months postpartum. | Collected at T2: 3 months postpartum |
| Breastfeeding status on discharge | This is reported in the record from anytime after delivery to 3 months postpartum. | Collected at T2: 3 months postpartum |
| Neonatal birth weight | This is reported in the record from anytime after delivery to 3 months postpartum. | Collected at T2: 3 months postpartum |
| Neonatal APGAR score 5 minutes | This is reported in the record from anytime after delivery to 3 months postpartum. | Collected at T2: 3 months postpartum |
| Congenital anomaly | This is reported in the record from anytime after delivery to 3 months postpartum. | Collected at T2: 3 months postpartum |
| Congenital pnuemonia / heart defects | This is reported in the record from anytime after delivery to 3 months postpartum. | Collected at T2: 3 months postpartum |
| Admission to neonatal intensive care | This is reported in the record from anytime after delivery to 3 months postpartum. | Collected at T2: 3 months postpartum |
| Length of stay at the hospital ward | This is reported in the record from anytime after delivery to 3 months postpartum. | Collected at T2: 3 months postpartum |
| Klinik Kesihatan Puchong Batu 14 | Recruiting | Petaling Jaya | Selangor | 47100 | Malaysia |
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| Klinik Kesihatan Seri Kembangan | Recruiting | Seri Kembangan | Selangor | 43300 | Malaysia |
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| Background |
| Benton M, Iman I, Goldsmith K, Forbes A, Ching SM, Papachristou Nadal I, Guess N, Murphy HR, Mohd Yusof BN, Baharom A, Mahamad Sobri NH, Basri NI, Salim MS, Ismail IZ, Hassan F, Ismail K, Chew BH. A Mobile Phone App for the Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes in Malaysian Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Protocol for a Feasibility Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc. 2022 Sep 8;11(9):e37288. doi: 10.2196/37288. |
| D044882 | Glucose Metabolism Disorders |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D004700 | Endocrine System Diseases |