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Virtual reality systems or simulators are more and more frequently used in the field of learning but also in motor rehabilitation. One of the key points of the success of these systems is the experience of "presence" which is associated with the capacity of these technologies to develop in the observer, who is static, the sensation of moving in the virtual environment (vection). However, the simulation generates a sensory conflict (an optical flow specifying self-motion and vestibular stimuli specifying body immobility). This conflict influences the temporal characteristics of the vection and consequently modifies the way users act in their virtual environment. Thus, contrary to a real situation, vection does not occur instantaneously with the appearance of a visual movement. Moreover, the visual stimulus often generates alternating periods of perception of movement of the environment and of oneself (bistable perception) which can lead to "simulator sickness", a disabling situation for the user. Thus, as vection is an essential element to allow an "optimal transfer of learning" from the simulator to reality, it may be important to promote its emergence while limiting its bistability.
The aim of this project is to study the inhibitory or facilitative modulation of the emergence of the vection phenomenon by the use of non-invasive cortical stimulation techniques (transcranial electrical stimulation (tES), transcranial alternative current stimulation (tACS), and repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)).
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Neuromodulation of vection | Experimental |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| non-invasive neuromodulation | Device | The modulations of the vection phenomenon will then be studied over two sessions of 1h30, separated by a minimum of 3 to a maximum of 15 days (the first session will be performed following the MRI). Each session will include: the installation of an EEG headset and the parameterization of the stimulation (30 min), then a phase of recording of the vection with neuromodulation (1h) according to 2 experimental conditions:
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in the latency of first vection between neuromodulations | Time required for the appearance of a vection before and after neurostimulation (latency in s). | During the two experimental sessions, at day 1 and up to day 15 |
| Change in the vection frequency between neuromodulations | Frequency of vection episodes during a period of visual stimulation before and after neurostimulation (%). | During the two experimental sessions, at day 1 and up to day 15 |
| Change in the vection duration between neuromodulations | Perceived total time experiencing vection during visual stimulation before and after neurostimulation (s). | During the two experimental sessions, at day 1 and up to day 15 |
| Change in the vection intensity between neuromodulations | Intensity of vection before and after neurostimulation (subjective scale from 0 to 10). | During the two experimental sessions, at day 1 and up to day 15 |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in brain activity (as measured by EEG - EP) between neuromodulations | - Evoked potentials (V) | During the two experimental sessions, at day 1 and up to day 15 |
| Change in brain activity (as measured by EEG - spectrum) between neuromodulations |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D004569 | Electroencephalography |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003943 | Diagnostic Techniques, Neurological |
| D019937 | Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures |
| D003933 | Diagnosis |
| D004568 | Electrodiagnosis |
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| electroencephalography | Device | The modulations of the vection phenomenon will then be studied over two sessions of 1h30, separated by a minimum of 3 to a maximum of 15 days (the first session will be performed following the MRI). Each session will include: the installation of an EEG headset and the parameterization of the stimulation (30 min), then a phase of recording of the vection with neuromodulation (1h) according to 2 experimental conditions:
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| anatomical MRI | Device | The modulations of the vection phenomenon will then be studied over two sessions of 1h30, separated by a minimum of 3 to a maximum of 15 days (the first session will be performed following the MRI). Each session will include: the installation of an EEG headset and the parameterization of the stimulation (30 min), then a phase of recording of the vection with neuromodulation (1h) according to 2 experimental conditions:
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- Oscillatory activity (V^2 / Hz)
| During the two experimental sessions, at day 1 and up to day 15 |
| Change in brain activity (as measured by EEG - connectivity) between neuromodulations | - Functional connectivity (%) | During the two experimental sessions, at day 1 and up to day 15 |