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To investigate the treatment effect of Theta-burst Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TBS) on patients with freezing of gait (FOG) and the underlying neural mechanism.
This was a open-label clinical trial to assess the efficacy and underlying neural mechanism of TBS among patients with FOG. Forty patients with FOG were treated with TBS for 1 week.
Before the TBS treatment, the Freezing of Gait Questionnaire, the Timed up and go test, the Standing Start 180° Turning Test, the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, and the Non-motor Symptom Scale, the Pittsburgh sleep quality index were obtained by a trained investigator to assess baseline severity. The patients had receiving a battery measure of neuropsychological tests(mini-mental state examination, Montreal cognitive assessment, digital span test, verbal fluency test, Hamilton depression/anxiety scale) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan in multimodalities, electroencephalography (EEG) record and fNIRS.
In the second day after the last treatment, all the tests, MRI 、EEG and fNIRS were reassessed. Patients were instructed to focus their answers on the past 1 week.
The clinical symptom and cognition of participants were followed in one month and two month after the last treatment.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| TBS Group | Experimental | Participants will receive active transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) daily for 1 week |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation | Device | The stimulations were performed by MagStim Rapid2. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The Standing-Start 180° Turn Test (SS-180) | The participants walk for a distance of five meters from a sitting position and come back to the chair after turning 180° around a traffic cone in a 0.7 m × 0.7 m target box.The time and number of steps during the 180° turn (SS180) are measured. | changes from baseline to 1-week post-treatment |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The timed up and go test (TUG) | The participants walk for a distance of five meters from a sitting position and come back to the chair after turning 180° around a traffic cone in a 0.7 m × 0.7 m target box .The time and number of steps during the whole course are measured. | changes from baseline to 1-week post-treatment |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gong-Jun JI, Ph.D. | Contact | +8655162923704 | jigongjun@163.com | |
| Jinmei Sun, M.S. | Contact | +8615856381782 | sunjinmei0628@163.com |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cognitive Neuropsychology Lab Anhui Medical University | Recruiting | Hefei | Anhui | 230032 | China |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 40651960 | Derived | Yu L, Han J, Chen X, Hu L, Wang M, Zhu M, Cheng J, Liu P, Fang L, Li Y, Wu J, Zhao X, Sun J, Ji GJ, Wang K, Ye R, Hu P. Regional-specific structural and functional changes of posterior cerebellar vermis across different stages of Parkinson's disease with gait dysfunction. NPJ Parkinsons Dis. 2025 Jul 12;11(1):208. doi: 10.1038/s41531-025-01065-1. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D050781 | Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D055909 | Magnetic Field Therapy |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
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| The Freezing of Gait Questionnaire (FOGQ) |
This is an very common clinical motor estimating scale for evaluating FOG symptoms with 6 items and 24' in total. Higher scores indicate worse symptoms. |
| changes from baseline to 1-week post-treatment |
| Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale III (UPDRSIII) | This is an very common clinical motor estimating scale, 14 items and 108' in total. Higher scores indicate worse symptoms. | changes from baseline to 1-week post-treatment |
| Non-motor symptoms questionnaire | This is a very common clinical scale with nine domains (30 items). Each item was scored on "severity" range from 1 to 3 and "frequency" range from 1 to 4. Higher scores indicate worse symptoms. | changes from baseline to 1-week post-treatment |
| HAMD (Hamilton Depression Scale) | This scale was compiled by Hamilton in 1960, is the most common clinical to assess Depression Scale. In this study, 17 versions were selected, and there were 17 questions. The subjects were assessed for their depression in the past week. Each question scored between 0 and 4 points.Higher scores indicate more depressive symptoms. | changes from baseline to 1-week post-treatment |
| HAMA (Hamilton Anxiety Scale) | This scale was compiled by Hamilton in 1959.It was one of the most commonly used scales in psychiatric clinic, including 14 items. It is often used in clinical diagnosis and degree classification of anxiety disorder. The subjects were assessed for their anxiety in the past week. Each question scored between 0 and 4 points. The higher the score, the more symptoms of anxiety. | changes from baseline to 1-week post-treatment |
| Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) | This scale was developed by Dr. Buysse et al., a psychiatrist at the University of Pittsburgh in 1989. The scale is suitable for the evaluation of sleep quality in patients with sleep disorders and mental disorders, as well as for the evaluation of sleep quality in general.Each question scored between 0 and 3 points.The higher the score, the worse sleep quality. | changes from baseline to 1-week post-treatment |