We will compare responses across the following clinical specialties :

1. Neuroanesthesiologists
2. Neurosurgeons
3. Neurocritical care specialists NB: Some participants may have a double clinical specialty.

We will compare responses across the following clinical settings:

1. Cities
2. Countries
3. Number of cases per year

This is a cross-sectional practice survey. There is no intervention.

Percentage of patients being extubated early, as estimated by responders. Early extubation is defined as extubation at the end of surgery, in the operating room, prior to discharge to recovery or intensive care.

Participants to the survey can select up to 3 of the following options:

Survey options are:

Patient's level of consciousness Evidence of brainstem dysfunction Patient's physical status prior to surgery History or suspicion of difficult airway Preoperative imaging Duration of surgery Course of surgery Time of day when surgery ends Other (to be completed by responder)