The investigators prospectively evaluated long-term outcomes of ELBPD+EST for CBD stones up to 8-12mm.

EPBD+EST in patients with CBD stones up to 8-12mm appears to be associated with a very low (<3%) rate of long-term stone recurrence. The efficacy of EPBD for 8-12mm stones warrants further exploration in randomized trials.

Consecutive patients with CBD stones up to 8-12mm successfully treated by EPBD+EST from September 2018 to August 2020 were prospectively followed for at least 12 months. CBD stone recurrence was defined as recurrent stones confirmed by ERCP during the follow-up period. The maximum diameter of the balloon used was 15mm.

Overall, 72 patients (mean age: 67 years, 52.8% males) were included, of whom 22 (30.5%) had multiple CBD stones, 23 (31.9%) had a history of cholecystectomy, 13 (18.1%) had a periampullary diverticulum and 22 (30.5%) had a previous EST. The mean CBD diameter was 11.6±1mm, whereas a tapered duct was noted in 7 (9.7%). Post-procedural bleeding occurred in one case, treated successfully a with a fully covered metal stent. Mild cholangitis occurred in two cases. No cases with perforation or PEP were observed. During a mean follow-up of 22.4±6.2 months (range 13-36), CBD stones recurred in 2/72 (2.7%).

EPBD+EST in patients with CBD stones up to 8-12mm appears to be associated with a very low (<3%) rate of long-term stone recurrence. The efficacy of EPBD for 8-12mm stones warrants further exploration in randomized trials.

Inclusion Criteria:patients with ELBPD+EST for CBD stones up to 8-12mm from September 2018 to August 2020 -

Exclusion Criteria: Patients with bile duct stones less than 8mm or more than 12mm.

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Consecutive patients with CBD stones up to 8-12mm successfully treated by EPBD+EST from September 2018 to August 2020 ,who were prospectively followed for at least 12 months