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Since plaque control forms the basis for caries prevention, the type of toothpaste and its constituents becomes more important.
Toothpaste containing fluoride are widely popular and fluorides have been historically reported to have effects against dental caries. However, the fluoride safe doses are still discussed ,because fluoride has toxicity and causing fluorosis.
The aim of the current research is to find alternative agent that can be used without side effects.
Participants will be examined to ensure that they have met the smple entrey criteria,then the participants will be randomly assigned to four groups each one according to a group:
A group of children using low-fluoridated toothpaste (500ppm)
A group of children using fluoridated toothpaste (1450ppm)
A group of children using theobromine toothpaste (2%)
A group of children using low-fluoridated toothpaste (4%) The researcher will teach the participants how to brush using (tell-show-do)technique.
Mechanism of examination and follow up:
A thorough scaling and plaque removal was conducted and the children were advised to brush their teeth using their regular toothpaste for a week before starting the research.
Gingival will be evaluated with gingival index (loe and silness)
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Children using fluoridated toothpaste | Other |
| |
| Children using low- fluoridated toothpaste | Other |
| |
| Children using Theobromine toothpaste (2%). | Experimental |
| |
| Children using Theobromine toothpaste(4%) | Experimental |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Evaluation of the effectiveness of low- fluoridated toothpaste. | Other | Children will be given low- fluoridated toothpaste, plaque score in groups will be assess pre given toothpaste in baseline,aweek,2week,and after 3weeks by using the TMQHPI for both buccal and lingual surface. Gingivalitis will be assess pre given toothpaste,aweek,2weeks,and after 3weeks by using gingival index (loe and silness). |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Clinical evaluation of using low- fluoridaed toothpaste for children | Plaque scores will be assess by using the Turesky Modification of the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index(TMQHPI) for both buccal and lingual surfaces. Plaque will detect using plaque disclosing agent. Gingival scores will be assessed with gingival index(loe and silness). | 1 week |
| Clinical evaluation of using low- fluoridaed toothpaste for children | Plaque scores will be assess by using the Turesky Modification of the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index(TMQHPI) for both buccal and lingual surfaces. Plaque will detect using plaque disclosing agent. Gingival scores will be assessed with gingival index(loe and silness). | 2 week |
| Clinical evaluation of using low- fluoridaed toothpaste for children | Plaque scores will be assess by using the Turesky Modification of the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index(TMQHPI) for both buccal and lingual surfaces. Plaque will detect using plaque disclosing agent. Gingival scores will be assessed with gingival index(loe and silness). | 3 week |
| Clinical evaluation of using fluoridated toothpaste for children | Plaque scores will be assess by using the Turesky Modification of the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index(TMQHPI) for both buccal and lingual surfaces. Plaque will detect using plaque disclosing agent. Gingival scores will be assessed with gingival index(loe and silness). | 1 week |
| Clinical evaluation of using fluoridated toothpaste for children | Plaque scores will be assess by using the Turesky Modification of the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index(TMQHPI) for both buccal and lingual surfaces. Plaque will detect using plaque disclosing agent. Gingival scores will be assessed with gingival index(loe and silness). |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Nour M Zaaweet, DDS | MSc student in Pedodontics, University of Damascus | Principal Investigator |
| Ettihad A Abo-Arraj, Phd | Professor of Pedodontics, Department of Pedodontics, University of Damascus | Study Chair |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Damascus University | Damascus | 30621 | Syria |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 33208577 | Background | Farooq I, Samad Khan A, Moheet IA, Alshwaimi E. Preparation of a toothpaste containing theobromine and fluoridated bioactive glass and its effect on surface micro-hardness and roughness of enamel. Dent Mater J. 2021 Mar 31;40(2):393-398. doi: 10.4012/dmj.2020-078. Epub 2020 Nov 19. | |
| 31720155 | Background | Premnath P, John J, Manchery N, Subbiah GK, Nagappan N, Subramani P. Effectiveness of Theobromine on Enamel Remineralization: A Comparative In-vitro Study. Cureus. 2019 Sep 17;11(9):e5686. doi: 10.7759/cureus.5686. |
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|
| Evaluation of the effectiveness of fluoridated toothpaste. | Other | Children will be given e fluoridated toothpaste, plaque score in groups will be assess pre given toothpaste in baseline,aweek,2week,and after 3weeks by using the TMQHPI for both buccal and lingual surface. Gingivalitis will be assess pre given toothpaste,aweek,2weeks,and after 3weeks by using gingival index (loe and silness). |
|
| Evaluation of the effectiveness of theobromine toothpaste (2%) toothpaste. | Other | Children will be given theobromine toothpaste(2%),plaque score in groups will be assess pre given toothpaste in baseline,aweek,2week,and after 3weeks by using the TMQHPI for both buccal and lingual surface. Gingivalitis will be assess pre given toothpaste,aweek,2weeks,and after 3weeks by using gingival index (loe and silness). |
|
| Evaluation of the effectiveness of theobromine toothpaste(4%) toothpaste. | Other | Children will be given theobromine toothpaste(4%),plaque score in groups will be assess pre given toothpaste in baseline,aweek,2week,and after 3weeks by using the TMQHPI for both buccal and lingual surface. Gingivalitis will be assess pre given toothpaste,aweek,2weeks,and after 3weeks by using gingival index (loe and silness). |
|
| 2 week |
| Clinical evaluation of using fluoridated toothpaste for children | Plaque scores will be assess by using the Turesky Modification of the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index(TMQHPI) for both buccal and lingual surfaces. Plaque will detect using plaque disclosing agent. Gingival scores will be assessed with gingival index(loe and silness). | 3 week |
| Clinical evaluation of using theobromine toothpaste(2%) for children | Plaque scores will be assess by using the Turesky Modification of the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index(TMQHPI) for both buccal and lingual surfaces. Plaque will detect using plaque disclosing agent. Gingival scores will be assessed with gingival index(loe and silness). | 1 week |
| Clinical evaluation of using theobromine toothpaste(2%) for children | Plaque scores will be assess by using the Turesky Modification of the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index(TMQHPI) for both buccal and lingual surfaces. Plaque will detect using plaque disclosing agent. Gingival scores will be assessed with gingival index(loe and silness). | 2 week |
| Clinical evaluation of using theobromine toothpaste(2%) for children | Plaque scores will be assess by using the Turesky Modification of the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index(TMQHPI) for both buccal and lingual surfaces. Plaque will detect using plaque disclosing agent. Gingival scores will be assessed with gingival index(loe and silness). | 3 week |
| Clinical evaluation of using theobromine toothpaste(4%) for children | Plaque scores will be assess by using the Turesky Modification of the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index(TMQHPI) for both buccal and lingual surfaces. Plaque will detect using plaque disclosing agent. Gingival scores will be assessed with gingival index(loe and silness). | 1 week |
| Clinical evaluation of using theobromine toothpaste(4%) for children | Plaque scores will be assess by using the Turesky Modification of the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index(TMQHPI) for both buccal and lingual surfaces. Plaque will detect using plaque disclosing agent. Gingival scores will be assessed with gingival index(loe and silness). | 2 week |
| Clinical evaluation of using theobromine toothpaste(4%) for children | Plaque scores will be assess by using the Turesky Modification of the Quigley-Hein Plaque Index(TMQHPI) for both buccal and lingual surfaces. Plaque will detect using plaque disclosing agent. Gingival scores will be assessed with gingival index(loe and silness). | 3 week |
| 30820200 | Background | Lakshmi A, Vishnurekha C, Baghkomeh PN. Effect of theobromine in antimicrobial activity: An in vitro study. Dent Res J (Isfahan). 2019 Mar-Apr;16(2):76-80. |
| 34059300 | Background | Thorn AK, Lin WS, Levon JA, Morton D, Eckert GJ, Lippert F. The effect of theobromine on the in vitro de- and remineralization of enamel carious lesions. J Dent. 2020;103S:100013. doi: 10.1016/j.jjodo.2020.100013. Epub 2020 Feb 17. |
| 28458181 | Background | Lippert F. The effects of fluoride, strontium, theobromine and their combinations on caries lesion rehardening and fluoridation. Arch Oral Biol. 2017 Aug;80:217-221. doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.04.022. Epub 2017 Apr 20. |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003773 | Dental Plaque |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003741 | Dental Deposits |
| D014076 | Tooth Diseases |
| D009057 | Stomatognathic Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014100 | Toothpastes |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003802 | Dentifrices |
| D001697 | Biomedical and Dental Materials |
| D008420 | Manufactured Materials |
| D013676 | Technology, Industry, and Agriculture |
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