The purpose of this study is to determine if the presence of Mycoplasma hominis bacteria is associated with Bacterial vaginosis (BV), non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU) or vaginitis in patients attending sexual health clinic. Patients were participants of the MYCO WELL D-ONE study. Ethics for this follow-on pathway-to-portfolio study (IRAS:253889) is now approved by NRES and HCRW.

The important primary aim of this study is to determine if Mycoplasma hominis (M.hominis) is associated with BV, NGU and vaginitis in the genitourinary system of patients or if they are bacterial commensals. This is important proof of concept work. The secondary aim for this research is to determine if there are clinical and social parameters that are associated with Mycoplasma infection.

Preliminary analysis of 100 patients yielded pilot data suggesting M.hominis is strongly associated with BV, NGU and vaginitis. We aim to consolidate these findings by expansion to 1000 patients from our completed MYCOWELL D-ONE study.

The clinical study site is The Department of Sexual Health, Dewi Sant Hospital, Cwm Taf University Health Board. This study will retrospectively examine the clinical notes of consented participants (IRAS project ID:253889) in the MYCO WELL D-ONE study (IRAS project ID:230693).

Notes will be identified by the sexual health clinic number. The clinic proforma records the following parameters:

1. Gender the patient identifies with
2. Age of the patient when the MYCO WELL D-ONE study sample collected
3. Symptoms and signs that were recorded in the patient notes e.g. BV/NGU
4. Previous sexually transmitted infections diagnosed
5. Drug history
6. Treatments the patient received
7. Sexual history e.g. type of sexual activity On completion, he parameters associated with positive M.hominis result; bacteria load quantification/antimicrobial resistance) and statistical analysis will be examined as below. I Statistical analysis This will be performed on anonymised data. The primary outcome measure of this study is to determine if M.hominis is associated with BV, NGU and vaginitis in the genitourinary system of patients or if it is a bacterial commensal. The secondary outcome for this research is to determine if there are clinical and social parameters that are associated with M.hominis infection.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Sexually active participants aged 18 to 100 years
• Participants can give informed consent in writing.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients who have been sexually assault.
• Participants who cannot give informed consent in writing.

Patients who are sexually active and attending a walk-in sexual health clinic in the UK.