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Overall stone clearance with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) for choledocholithiasis is a big problem, especially for stones with a diameter greater than 3cm. After ERCP failure, surgery was the option but patients not suitable for surgery were treated through stenting but had to undergo multiple ERCPs and show a success rate of only 44-96%. Recently, choledochoscopic laser, electrohydraulic lithotripsy, SpyGlass, or extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) have been applied for the treatment of huge bile duct stones. The present study aims to compare the efficacy and safety outcomes of SpyGlass direct vision lithotripsy and ESWL procedures for the removal of large bile duct stones.
ESWL was first used for the removal of renal calculi and ureteral calculi however, now a day is being used for biliary calculi. It has the advantages of simple operation, low cost, and higher safety. Recent studies show that the procedure time for ESWL is also shorter and the utilization rate of mechanical lithotripsy was effectively reduced with fewer complications. But It is difficult for ESWL to break the stones larger than 3cm into small pieces. So SpyGlass-guided laser lithotripsy is used. Spyglass has been used in clinics for more than ten years. Recently, a study reported difficult bile duct stones that were treated with SpyGlass-guided laser lithotripsy that shows promising results. Compared with laser lithotripsy under X-ray monitoring, there is no significant difference in stone removal rate and complication rate between the two methods. However, the effect of lithotripsy under Spyglass direct vision is better, which can break large stones into smaller pieces, thus making it easier to take stones. The investigators conducted the current study to compare the therapeutic outcome and complications between SpyGlass direct vision lithotripsy and ESWL procedures for the removal of large bile duct stones
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| SpyGlass group | Active Comparator | ERCP plus SpyGlass group |
|
| ESWL group | Active Comparator | ERCP plus ESWL |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ERCP+ SpyGlass | Procedure | SpyGlass direct Vision guided laser lithotripsy |
| |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Clearance rate(percentage) | Stone clearance ratio | 1 month |
| Number of sessions | Number of ERCP procedures | 1 month |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Complications | Side effect of the procedures | 1 month |
| Procedure Time | Time spent for each surgery | Intraoperative |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Jianfeng Yang, Doctor | Affilated Hangzhou First People Hospital | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hangzhou First People's Hospital | Hangzhou | Zhejiang | 31006 | China |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 28785149 | Background | Tao T, Zhang M, Zhang QJ, Li L, Li T, Zhu X, Li MD, Li GH, Sun SX. Outcome of a session of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy before endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for problematic and large common bile duct stones. World J Gastroenterol. 2017 Jul 21;23(27):4950-4957. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i27.4950. | |
| 31557778 |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D042883 | Choledocholithiasis |
| D042882 | Gallstones |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003137 | Common Bile Duct Diseases |
| D001649 | Bile Duct Diseases |
| D001660 | Biliary Tract Diseases |
| D004066 | Digestive System Diseases |
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Parallel Assignment
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| ESWL+ ERCP |
| Procedure |
ESWL + Stone removal through ERCP |
|
| [French comment on article Cholangioscopy-guided lithotripsy for difficult bile duct stone clearance in a single session of ERCP: results from a large multinational registry demonstrate high success rates]. Endoscopy. 2019 Oct;51(10):1006-1007. doi: 10.1055/a-1000-5911. Epub 2019 Sep 26. No abstract available. French. |
| 30943551 | Background | Manes G, Paspatis G, Aabakken L, Anderloni A, Arvanitakis M, Ah-Soune P, Barthet M, Domagk D, Dumonceau JM, Gigot JF, Hritz I, Karamanolis G, Laghi A, Mariani A, Paraskeva K, Pohl J, Ponchon T, Swahn F, Ter Steege RWF, Tringali A, Vezakis A, Williams EJ, van Hooft JE. Endoscopic management of common bile duct stones: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) guideline. Endoscopy. 2019 May;51(5):472-491. doi: 10.1055/a-0862-0346. Epub 2019 Apr 3. |
| 40811584 | Derived | Khizar H, Gu W, Zhou H, Yang J, Jin H, He X, Zhang X, Yang J. A comparative study of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and cholangioscopy-guided lithotripsy in the management of complex biliary stones: A randomized trial. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2025 Oct 1;99(4):628-634. doi: 10.1097/TA.0000000000004693. Epub 2025 Aug 13. |
| D002769 | Cholelithiasis |
| D041761 | Cholecystolithiasis |
| D005705 | Gallbladder Diseases |
| D002137 | Calculi |
| D020763 | Pathological Conditions, Anatomical |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |