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The main goal of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a Future-oriented Group training aimed at reducing suicidality in adults. This will test the effectiveness by studying the effect on suicidal ideation and related outcomes, compared to Treatment As Usual. Participants will also be asked to evaluate the group training. The study is a multicentre randomized controlled trial conducted in out-patient Flemish mental healthcare facilities.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention Group | Experimental | Participants in the intervention group received Future Oriented Group Training in addition to their treatment as usual. |
|
| Control Group | No Intervention | Participants in the control group received their treatment as usual. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Future Oriented Group Training | Behavioral | This study's experimental condition consisted of a Future Oriented Group Training (FOGT), originally developed in 2008 by van Beek et al. (2009). Participants followed this training weekly, over a period of 9 weeks in groups of 6 to 10 participants. The sessions, which lasted one and a half hours each, were each led by one trainer. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Suicidal ideation: The Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation | A 21-item self-report questionnaire to measure (the severity of) suicidal ideation in adolescents and adults. Each item is rated on a scale from 0 to 2, resulting in a total score ranging from 0 to 38, with higher scores indicating more (severe) suicidal ideation. | Baseline (2 weeks before the intervention), posttest (9 weeks after start of intervention), follow-up (3 months after the end of the intervention) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Depressive symptoms: The second edition of the Beck Depression Inventory | A 21-item self-report questionnaire to measure depressive symptoms and attitudes in the past week. Each item is rated on a scale from 0 to 3, resulting in a total score ranging from 0 to 63, with higher scores indicating more depressive symptoms. | Baseline (2 weeks before the intervention), posttest (9 weeks after start of intervention), follow-up (3 months after the end of the intervention) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Treatment evaluation | Rating of the general training (score ranging from 0 to 10) and 10 statements about several aspects of the format, content and effect of the group training. Of these statements, 4 were rated on a 3-point Likert scale, and 6 on a 5-point likert scale | Posttest (9 weeks after start of intervention) |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Gwendolyn Portzky | University Ghent | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unit for Suicide Research, Ghent University | Ghent | 9000 | Belgium |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D059020 | Suicidal Ideation |
| D013406 | Suicide, Attempted |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D013405 | Suicide |
| D016728 | Self-Injurious Behavior |
| D001526 | Behavioral Symptoms |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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Randomized Controlled Trial comparing an experimental condition (Treatment As Usual + Future Oriented Group Training) and a control condition (Treatment As Usual)
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| Hopelessness: The Beck Hopelessness Scale | A 20-item self-report questionnaire to measure hopelessness in adolescents and adults. Each item is rated as 'true' (score = 1) or 'false' (score = 0) for them over the past week, resulting in a total score ranging from 0 to 20, with higher scores indicating higher levels of hopelessness. | Baseline (2 weeks before the intervention), posttest (9 weeks after start of intervention), follow-up (3 months after the end of the intervention) |
| Defeat: the Defeat Scale | A 16-item self-report questionnaire to measure defeat on a five-point Likert scale. | Baseline (2 weeks before the intervention), posttest (9 weeks after start of intervention), follow-up (3 months after the end of the intervention) |
| Entrapment: the Entrapment Scale | A 16-item self-report questionnaire to measure entrapment on a five-point Likert scale. | Baseline (2 weeks before the intervention), posttest (9 weeks after start of intervention), follow-up (3 months after the end of the intervention) |
| Worrying: The Penn State Worry Questionnaire - past week | A 15-item self-report questionnaire to measure worrying in the past week. Each item is rated on a 7-point Likert scale ranging from 0 ("never") to 6 ("almost always"). | Baseline (2 weeks before the intervention), posttest (9 weeks after start of intervention), follow-up (3 months after the end of the intervention) |
| Future-oriented thinking | A 22-item self-report questionnaire to measure repeated thinking about the future, specifically about the likelihood of negative and positive events happening. Each item is rated on a 4-point Likert scale ranging from 0 ("never") to 3 ("almost always"). | Baseline (2 weeks before the intervention), posttest (9 weeks after start of intervention), follow-up (3 months after the end of the intervention) |