The intended population has been updated

This prospective, multi-center, non-randomized, single-blinded, open-label, single-arm, comparator study will enroll up to 100 eligible subjects from multiple sites undergoing LAAC procedure to evaluate the safety and performance of the KALPA™ mapping, imaging and navigation device in patients undergoing Left Atrial Appendage Closure (LAAC).

All subjects will undergo pre-procedural cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA) no more than 1 year prior to the performance of the LAAC procedure to evaluate left atrial appendage (LAA) anatomy. Before and after a transseptal puncture, the right atrium (RA), left atrial appendage (LAA), and left upper superior pulmonary vein (LUSPV) will be mapped using the KALPA™ system in combination with a commercially available catheter. Subjects will then undergo LAAC as per routine clinical care. Following implantation of the LAAC device, subjects will be assessed for the peri-device leak (PDL) with a transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) as well as PDL assessment using the KALPA X™ system (the operator will be blinded to KALPA X™ PDL reading). The entire LAAC procedure will be conducted as customary practice using standard and approved off-the-shelf equipment (body surface electrodes, catheters, etc.) the operator will be blinded to the KALPA™ and KALPA X™ system information. The physician will neither use nor rely on any of the KALPA™ or KALPA X™system output for clinical decision-making.

All patients will then undergo cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and TEE at 45 days following the index LAAC procedure to assess residual PDL. Intra-procedure PDL post-LAAC assessed by KALPA X™ will be compared to the detection of PDL by TEE. The value of PDL as measured by TEE compared to KALPA X™ at the time of the index LAAC procedure in predicting PDL at 45 days post-LAAC as assessed by CCTA will be compared.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. The patient must be ≥ 18 years of age.
2. The patient meets indications for LAAC procedure.
3. LAAC will be performed using the AMPLATZER Amulet device (AMPLATZER™ Amulet™ LAA Occluder, Abbott Vascular, Santa Clara, CA, USA), or, WATCHMAN (WATCHMAN™ LAAC Device or WATCHMAN FLX™ LAAC Device, Boston Scientific Marlborough, MA, USA) devices, or LAmbre LAA closure system (Lifetech Scientific Co, Ltd, Shenzhen, China), or any other LAA closure device commercially available at the discretion of the principal investigator.
4. The patient is willing to comply with specified follow-up evaluations.
5. The patient, or legally authorized representative, has been informed of the nature of the study, agrees to its provisions and has been provided written informed consent, approved by the appropriate Medical Ethics Committee (EC)

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Pregnant or nursing subjects. Female subjects of child-bearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test done within 7 days prior to index procedure per site standard test.
2. Patients with known atrial septal defect or atrial septal repair or closure device that would preclude transseptal puncture for LAAC.
3. Patients who have a planned treatment with any other investigational device or procedure during the study period.
4. Contraindications to transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), including recent esophageal or gastric surgery (within 6 months), esophageal obstruction (stricture or tumor), depressed respiratory function, active upper gastrointestinal bleeding, perforate viscous (known or suspected), or uncooperative patient.
5. Contraindications to cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA) including pregnancy or hypersensitivity to iodinated contrast agent