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| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| R42AG063640-02 | U.S. NIH Grant/Contract | View source | |
| 3R42AG063640-03S1 | U.S. NIH Grant/Contract | View source |
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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Rendever, Inc. | INDUSTRY |
| National Institute on Aging (NIA) | NIH |
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The purpose of this project is to test the impact of different forms of technology (virtual reality vs. video chat) on quality of life and family relationships in older adults who reside in senior living communities and an adult child who lives at a distance. The study will also investigate whether responses to the technology and quality of life outcomes depend on older adults' level of cognitive impairment.
Purpose of the clinical trial: The virtual reality (VR) program, Rendever, enables older adults in senior living communities to maintain important family relationships, engage fully with life, and reconnect with their past, regardless of physical location, through its advanced networking and live-streaming capabilities. This project will test the immediate and longer-term impact of the Rendever virtual reality platform (vs. video chat) on the quality of life of residents and their adult children in an experimental design. The study will also investigate whether responses to the technology and quality of life outcomes depend on older adults' level of cognitive impairment.
Participants: Participants will be older adults (age 50+) with mild cognitive impairments (MCI) or mild to moderate Alzheimer's Disease or related dementias (ADRD) who reside in senior living communities and an adult child who lives at a distance. The resident-adult child dyads (target N=192 dyads) will be recruited from 12 senior living communities in the greater Boston area and central California. Residents will participate from their senior living community and adult children will participate from their own home, at least 45 minutes driving distance away.
Study Design and Method: The design is a 2 (Intervention Group: Virtual Reality vs. Active Control) x 2 (Level of Cognitive Impairment: MCI vs. ADRD) x Time (7 time points) design. Dyads will be randomly assigned to an intervention group (Virtual Reality vs. Video Chat Control). Dependent variables will include quality of life, psychological and social well-being (loneliness, mental health, thriving, and relationship quality), caregiver guilt (guilt, stress, and burden), and positive engagement while using the technology. Outcomes will be assessed through surveys, interviews, and observational methods.
The experimental intervention will be implemented in a between-group design. Dyads will be randomly assigned to either the Virtual Reality Condition or the active Control Condition (video chat). Participants will complete a baseline survey (T1), followed by four activity sessions once a week for 4 consecutive weeks (T2-T5). Follow-up surveys will be conducted at 1-month (T6) and 3-months (T7) post-intervention for exploratory purposes (to determine if any effects of the technology are sustained over time). Residents and adult children will also be interviewed briefly after the intervention and at each follow-up. All sessions will be video and audiotaped. Computerized and human coding will examine positive engagement and interpersonal dynamics while using the technology.
Dyads assigned to the virtual reality (VR) condition will engage in 4 weekly VR sessions that include immersive virtual adventures (e.g., bucket list travel) and reminiscence activities (e.g., virtual life story). Dyads assigned to the control condition will engage in 4 weekly video chat sessions. During these sessions, dyads will engage in conversations that are typical in their daily lives. All other procedures will be identical in the two conditions.
Sample size, recruitment, and statistical power: A power analysis using simulation methods (for multi-level regression models and structural equation models) was used to determine the sample size. A sample size of 192 dyads (96 in each intervention condition) evenly split between cognitive impairment groups (MCI vs. dementia) will achieve a high level of power for detecting the minimal expected effect size (accounting for expected attrition).
Statistical analysis: Because data from parent-adult child dyads will be dependent, and because the dyad is the unit of analysis for assignment to experimental conditions, the analysis of quantitative data will utilize linear models designed for nested (clustered) data. Hypothesis testing will be conducted with multi-level, random-effects regression and multi-level structural equation modeling.
Study Aims:
AIM 1: Determine whether virtual reality (vs. control) improves quality of life for residents and their adult children who live at a distance.
AIM 2: Determine whether the positive effects of virtual reality (vs. control) on quality of life depend upon residents' level of cognitive impairment (MCI vs. mild to moderate AD/ADRD).
AIM 3: Determine whether virtual reality (vs. control) reduces caregiver guilt for adult children and whether these effects depend on the adult child's own responses to the technology and their parent's responses to the technology.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Virtual Reality | Experimental | Weekly activities using virtual reality (Rendever) |
|
| Video Chat | Active Comparator | Weekly activities using video conference (Zoom) |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Virtual Reality | Behavioral | Older adults (residents of senior living communities) engage in four 20-minute virtual reality activities (via the Rendever platform) with their adult child each week for 4 consecutive weeks. The 4 sessions include immersive virtual adventures (e.g., bucket list travel) and reminiscence activities (e.g., virtual life story). Adult children participate remotely from their own homes. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Quality of Life in Alzheimer's Disease (QOL-AD) - Changes From Baseline (Older Adult) | QOL-AD (R.G. Logsdon, 1996) is a 13-item self-report measure of quality of life (completed by older adult participants). (As a secondary outcome, adult children also reported on their parents' quality of life). Items are rated on a 4-point scale: 1 = Poor, 2 = Fair, 3 = Good, 4 = Excellent. The total score is the mean of all items (range: 1 to 4). Higher scores indicate greater quality of life. | T1 (baseline, 1-week pre-intervention), T2 (1-week post-intervention), T3 (1-month post-intervention), T4 (3-months post-intervention) |
| Brief Inventory of Thriving (BIT) - Changes From Baseline (Older Adult) | An 11-item measure of thriving adapted from the Brief Inventory of Thriving (BIT) and the Comprehensive Inventory of Thriving (CIT; Su, R., Tay, L., & Diener, E., 2014). This measure provides a holistic view of positive functioning (completed by older adults and adult children). Items are rated on a 5-point scale: 1 = Strongly Disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Neither Agree nor Disagree, 4 = Agree, 5 = Strongly Agree. The total score is the average of the 11 items (range: 1 to 5). Higher scores indicate a greater sense of thriving. | T1 (baseline, 1-week pre-intervention), T2 (1-week post-intervention), T3 (1-month post-intervention), T4 (3-months post-intervention) |
| Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) - Changes From Baseline (Older Adult) | This scale includes 12 items from the longer PANAS (Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988), which measures two primary dimensions of mood. (Completed by older adults and adult children.) Participants rate the extent to which they experienced positive and negative emotions over the past week. Each item is rated on a 5-point scale: 1 = Not at all, 2 = A little, 3 = Moderately, 4 = Quite a lot, 5 = Extremely. Separate subscale scores are calculated for positive emotion (6 items) and negative emotion (6 items) by averaging responses within each set (range: 1 to 5). Higher scores on the positive emotion subscale reflect greater positive mood during the past week, indicating better well-being. Higher scores on the negative emotion subscale reflect greater negative mood, indicating poorer well-being. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) - Technology Sessions | Positive and negative emotions experienced during the technology session (older adult and adult child). Rated on a scale from 1 to 5, and separate indexes are computed for positive emotion and negative emotion. Higher scores represent greater positive and negative emotion. Scores will be averaged across the intervention period (4 weeks) for overall measures of positive/negative affect experienced during the intervention. Higher positive emotion and lower negative emotion indicate a more favorable response during the technology session. |
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Inclusion Criteria for older adults:
Inclusion Criteria for adult children:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Tamara Afifi, PhD | University of California, Santa Barbara | Principal Investigator |
| Kyle Rand, B.A. | Rendever Co. | Principal Investigator |
| Nancy Collins, PhD | University of California, Santa Barbara | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belmont Calabasas | Calabasas | California | 91302 | United States | ||
| Oakmont of Camarillo |
Deidentified data and related information will be made available to researchers and data analysts at no cost through NACDA-Open Aging Repository (NACDA-OAR), which is an NIH-funded repository. Quantitative data, codebooks, descriptions of missing data, and any errors will be made available on the site. The data submitted will conform to the NACDA-OAR standards.
Deidentified data and related files will be made available in the NACDA-OAR repository no later than within one year of the completion of the funded project period or upon the first publication of the data online. Data will be posted indefinitely.
Data will be deposited and made available through NACDA-Open Aging Repository (NACDA-OAR) and will be shared with investigators working under an institution with a Federal Wide Assurance (FWA). Data can be used for secondary study purposes. Users will be required to register on the password-protected site in order to access the data files, which includes agreeing to the conditions of use related to the public release of the data. This includes not using any identifying information, ethical reporting, not selling the data to third parties, acknowledging the data source, and destroying the data upon use.
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Older adults with cognitive impairment and an adult child were recruited at 23 senior living communities in two geographic regions in the U.S. (Boston, MA, and Santa Barbara, CA) between October 2021 and December 2023, with the trial's primary completion in March 2024. Approximately half the older adults had mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and half had mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease or related dementias (ADRD). A total of 186 dyads (372 participants) were enrolled.
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Video Chat | Weekly activities using video conference (Zoom) Video Chat (Active Control): Older adults engage in four 20-minute video chat sessions (via the Zoom platform) with their adult child each week for 4 consecutive weeks. Adult children participate remotely from their own homes. |
| FG001 |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot_SAP | Yes | Yes | No | Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan | Mar 16, 2025 |
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Dyads (older adult and adult child) will be randomly assigned to one of two intervention groups (two types of technology): (1) virtual reality, or (2) video chat (active control)
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| Video Chat | Behavioral | Older adults (residents of senior living communities) engage in four 20-minute video chat sessions (via the Zoom platform) with their adult child each week for 4 consecutive weeks. Adult children participate remotely from their own homes. |
|
| T1 (baseline, 1-week pre-intervention), T2 (1-week post-intervention), T3 (1-month post-intervention), T4 (3-months post-intervention) |
| Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) - Changes From Baseline (Older Adult) | GDS (Sheikh, J.I., & Yesavage, J.A., 1986) is a 15-item self-report measure of depression (completed by older adult participants). Items are rated "Yes" or "No" and are scored "1" if the response reflects depressive symptoms. Total score is the sum of all items (range: 0 to 15). Higher scores indicate greater depression. | T1 (baseline, 1-week pre-intervention), T2 (1-week post-intervention), T3 (1-month post-intervention), T4 (3-months post-intervention) |
| Mental Health Inventory (MHI) - Changes From Baseline (Older Adult) | The MHI includes 5 items from the longer MHI (McHorney, Ware, & Raczek, 1993) to assess depression, anxiety, and vitality during the past week (completed by older adults and adult children). Items are rated on a 6-point scale: 1= None of the time, 2= A little of the time, 3 = Some of the time, 4 = A good bit of the time, 5 = Most of the time, 6 = All of the time. The total score is the average of all 8 items, some reverse-scored (range: 1 to 6). Higher scores indicate better mental health. | T1 (baseline, 1-week pre-intervention), T2 (1-week post-intervention), T3 (1-month post-intervention), T4 (3-months post-intervention) |
| Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale (Short Form) - Changes From Baseline (Older Adult) | The short form of the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale (Hughes, Waite, Hawkley, & Cacioppo, 2008) is a 4-item scale widely used in field research with older adults, and adapted from the original scale (Russell D, Peplau LA, Cutrona CE, 1980). Items are rated on a 4-point scale: 1 = Never, 2 = Rarely, 3 = Sometimes, 4 = Often. The total score is the mean of the 4 items (range: 1 to 4). Higher scores indicate greater loneliness. | T1 (baseline, 1-week pre-intervention), T2 (1-week post-intervention), T3 (1-month post-intervention), T4 (3-months post-intervention) |
| Unidimensional Relationship Closeness Scale - Changes From Baseline (Older Adult) | Relationship closeness is assessed with 4 items from the Unidimensional Relationship Closeness Scale (Dibble, Levine, & Park, 2011). (Completed by older adults and adult children). Items are rated on a 7-point scale: 1 = Strongly disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Somewhat disagree, 4 = Neutral, 5 = Somewhat agree, 6 = Agree, 7 = Strong Agree. The total score is the average of the 4 items (range: 1 to 7). Higher scores indicate greater relationship closeness. | T1 (baseline, 1-week pre-intervention), T2 (1-week post-intervention), T3 (1-month post-intervention), T4 (3-months post-intervention) |
| Relationship Satisfaction - Changes From Baseline (Older Adult) | Global relationship satisfaction is assessed with 3 items adapted from Huston et al.'s (1986) relationship satisfaction scale (completed by older adults and adult children). Items are rated on a 6-point scale: 1 = Not at all, 2 = A little, 3 = Somewhat, 4 = Very, 5 = Almost completely, 6 = Completely. Total scores are the average of the 3 items (range: 1 to 6). Higher scores indicate greater relationship satisfaction. | T1 (baseline, 1-week pre-intervention), T2 (1-week post-intervention), T3 (1-month post-intervention), T4 (3-months post-intervention) |
| Communal Coping - Changes From Baseline (Older Adult) | Communal coping is assessed with 3 items reflecting feelings of unity when combatting stress (Afifi et al., 2019). (Completed by older adults and adult children.) Items are rated on a 5-point scale: 1 = Strongly disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Neutral, 4 = Agree, 5 = Strongly agree. The total score is the average of the 3 items (range: 1 to 5). Higher scores indicate a greater sense of communal coping. | T1 (baseline, 1-week pre-intervention), T2 (1-week post-intervention), T3 (1-month post-intervention), T4 (3-months post-intervention) |
| Brief Inventory of Thriving (BIT) - Changes From Baseline (Adult Child) | An 11-item measure of thriving adapted from the Brief Inventory of Thriving (BIT) and the Comprehensive Inventory of Thriving (CIT; Su, R., Tay, L., & Diener, E., 2014). This measure provides a holistic view of positive functioning (completed by older adults and adult children). Items are rated on a 5-point scale: 1 = Strongly Disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Neither Agree nor Disagree, 4 = Agree, 5 = Strongly Agree. The total score is the average of the 11 items (range: 1 to 5). Higher scores indicate a greater sense of thriving. | T1 (baseline, 1-week pre-intervention), T2 (1-week post-intervention), T3 (1-month post-intervention), T4 (3-months post-intervention) |
| Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale Revised Short Form (CESD-R-10) - Changes From Baseline (Adult Child) | The CESD-R-10 (Björgvinsson, Kertz, Bigda-Peyton, McCoy, Aderka,2013) is a 10-item measure of depressive symptoms adapted from the longer CESD (completed by adult children). Participants are asked to report how they felt during the past week. Items are rated on a 4-point scale: 0 = Rarely or none of the time, 1 = Some or a little of the time, 2 = Occasionally or a moderate amount of the time, 3 = Most or all of the time. The total score is the mean of the 10 items, some reverse-scored (range: 0 to 3). Higher scores reflect more depressive symptoms, worse mental health. | T1 (baseline, 1-week pre-intervention), T2 (1-week post-intervention), T3 (1-month post-intervention), T4 (3-months post-intervention) |
| Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) - Changes From Baseline (Adult Child) | This scale includes 12 items from the longer PANAS (Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988), which measures two primary dimensions of mood. (Completed by older adults and adult children.) Participants rate the extent to which they experienced positive and negative emotions over the past week. Each item is rated on a 5-point scale: 1 = Not at all, 2 = A little, 3 = Moderately, 4 = Quite a lot, 5 = Extremely. Separate subscale scores are calculated for positive emotion (6 items) and negative emotion (6 items) by averaging responses within each set (range: 1 to 5). Higher scores on the positive emotion subscale reflect greater positive mood during the past week, indicating better well-being. Higher scores on the negative emotion subscale reflect greater negative mood, indicating poorer well-being. | T1 (baseline, 1-week pre-intervention), T2 (1-week post-intervention), T3 (1-month post-intervention), T4 (3-months post-intervention) |
| Mental Health Inventory (MHI) - Changes From Baseline (Adult Child) | The MHI includes 5 items from the longer MHI (McHorney, Ware, & Raczek, 1993) to assess depression, anxiety, and vitality during the past week (completed by older adults and adult children). Items are rated on a 6-point scale: 1 = None of the time, 2 = A little of the time, 3 = Some of the time, 4 = A good bit of the time, 5 = Most of the time, 6 = All of the time. The total score is the average of all 8 items, some reverse-scored (range: 1 to 6). Higher scores indicate better mental health. | T1 (baseline, 1-week pre-intervention), T2 (1-week post-intervention), T3 (1-month post-intervention), T4 (3-months post-intervention) |
| Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) - Changes From Baseline (Adult Child) | The PSS short form (completed by adult children) is a 4-item scale adapted from the longer PSS (Cohen, Kamarck, & Mermelstein, 1983). Items are rated on a 5-point scale: 1 = Never, 2 = Almost never, 3 = Sometimes, 4 = Fairly often, 5 = Very often. The total score is the average of the 4 items, some reverse-scored (range: 1 to 5). Higher scores indicate greater perceived stress. | T1 (baseline, 1-week pre-intervention), T2 (1-week post-intervention), T3 (1-month post-intervention), T4 (3-months post-intervention) |
| Caregiver Guilt/Grief Scale - Changes From Baseline (Adult Child) | This scale (completed by adult children) includes 13 items adapted from the caregiver guilt and grief scales (Wells, Jorm, Jordan, & Lefroy, 1990). Items are rated on a 5-point scale: 1= Not at all, 2 = A little, 3 = A moderate amount, 4 = A lot, 5 = Almost unbearably. The total score is the average of the 13 items (range: 1 to 5). Higher scores indicate greater caregiver guilt/grief. | T1 (baseline, 1-week pre-intervention), T2 (1-week post-intervention), T3 (1-month post-intervention), T4 (3-months post-intervention) |
| Relational Burnout/Load Scale - Changes From Baseline (Adult Child) | Relational burnout/load is assessed with 6 items from the Relational Load Scale (Afifi et al., 2019). (Completed by adult children.) Items are rated on a 5-point scale: 1 = Strongly disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Neutral, 4 = Agree, 5 = Strongly agree. The total score is the average of the 6 items, some reverse-scored (range: 1 to 5). Higher scores indicate a greater sense of relational load/burnout. | T1 (baseline, 1-week pre-intervention), T2 (1-week post-intervention), T3 (1-month post-intervention), T4 (3-months post-intervention) |
| Unidimensional Relationship Closeness Scale - Changes From Baseline (Adult Child) | Relationship closeness is assessed with 4 items from the Unidimensional Relationship Closeness Scale (Dibble, Levine, & Park, 2011). (Completed by older adults and adult children.) Items are rated on a 7-point scale: 1 = Strongly disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Somewhat disagree, 4 = Neutral, 5 = Somewhat agree, 6 = Agree, 7 = Strong Agree. The total score is the average of the 4 items (range: 1 to 7). Higher scores indicate greater relationship closeness. | T1 (baseline, 1-week pre-intervention), T2 (1-week post-intervention), T3 (1-month post-intervention), T4 (3-months post-intervention) |
| Relationship Satisfaction - Changes From Baseline (Adult Child) | Global relationship satisfaction is assessed with 3 items adapted from Huston et al.'s (1986) relationship satisfaction scale (completed by older adults and adult children). Items are rated on a 6-point scale: 1 = Not at all, 2 = A little, 3 = Somewhat, 4 = Very, 5 = Almost completely, 6 = Completely. The total score is the average of the 3 items (range: 1 to 6). Higher scores indicate greater relationship satisfaction. | T1 (baseline, 1-week pre-intervention), T2 (1-week post-intervention), T3 (1-month post-intervention), T4 (3-months post-intervention) |
| Communal Coping - Changes From Baseline (Adult Child) | Communal coping is assessed with 3 items reflecting feelings of unity when combatting stress (Afifi et al., 2019). (Completed by older adults and adult children.) Items are rated on a 5-point scale: 1 = Strongly disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Neutral, 4 = Agree, 5 = Strongly agree. The total score is the average of the 3 items (range: 1 to 5). Higher scores indicate a greater sense of communal coping. | T1 (baseline, 1-week pre-intervention), T2 (1-week post-intervention), T3 (1-month post-intervention), T4 (3-months post-intervention) |
| Immediately after each of the 4 technology sessions during the intervention (one week apart) |
| Social and Conversational Engagement - Technology Sessions | Social and conversational engagement during the technology sessions will be evaluated using items developed specifically for this study, based on findings from a pilot study. Higher scores indicate greater engagement. Engagement scores will be averaged over the four-week intervention period to generate an overall engagement measure. In addition to self-reports, objective coders will analyze video and audio recordings of the sessions to assess conversational and emotional engagement. Kinesic (physical) engagement of the older adult will be evaluated both by trained raters and an automated computer program. | Immediately after each of the 4 technology sessions during the intervention (one week apart) |
| Relationship Satisfaction and Communication Quality - Technology Sessions | Multiple items designed to assess features of relationship quality (older adult and adult child). Higher scores represent greater satisfaction and communication quality. Scores will be averaged across the intervention period (4 weeks) for an overall score of relationship satisfaction and communication quality during the technology sessions, during the intervention period. | Immediately after each of the 4 technology sessions during the intervention (one week apart) |
| Telepresence and Copresence - Technology Session | Rating of engagement and immersion during the technology session (older adult and adult child). Items were written for this project based on a pilot study. Higher scores represent greater telepresence and co-presence. Due to time limitations, this measure is completed only during the first technology session. | Measured after the first technology session (Week 1 of the intervention) |
| Camarillo |
| California |
| 93012 |
| United States |
| Friendship Manor | Goleta | California | 93117 | United States |
| Casa Dorinda | Montecito | California | 93108 | United States |
| Ojai Gables | Ojai | California | 93023 | United States |
| Garden Court on De La Vina | Santa Barbara | California | 93101 | United States |
| Covenant Living at the Samarkand | Santa Barbara | California | 93105 | United States |
| Gardens on Hope | Santa Barbara | California | 93105 | United States |
| Grace Village Apartments | Santa Barbara | California | 93105 | United States |
| Valle Verde | Santa Barbara | California | 93105 | United States |
| Vista Del Monte | Santa Barbara | California | 93105 | United States |
| Heritage House | Santa Barbara | California | 93111 | United States |
| Maravilla | Santa Barbara | California | 93111 | United States |
| Atterdag Village of Solvang | Solvang | California | 93463 | United States |
| Stone Hill at Andover | Andover | Massachusetts | 01810 | United States |
| Stonebridge at Burlington | Burlington | Massachusetts | 01803 | United States |
| Youville House Assisted Living | Cambridge | Massachusetts | 02138 | United States |
| Cadbury Commons | Cambridge | Massachusetts | 02140 | United States |
| Brightview Canton | Canton | Massachusetts | 02021 | United States |
| The Linden at Danvers | Danvers | Massachusetts | 01923 | United States |
| Brightview North Andover | North Andover | Massachusetts | 01845 | United States |
| Benchmark of Norwood (Clapboardtree) | Norwood | Massachusetts | 02062 | United States |
| Laurelwood at The Pinehills | Plymouth | Massachusetts | 02630 | United States |
| Autumn Glen at Dartmouth | South Dartmouth | Massachusetts | 02747 | United States |
| Bayberry at Emerald Court | Tewksbury | Massachusetts | 01876 | United States |
| Carriage House at Lee's Farm | Wayland | Massachusetts | 01778 | United States |
| Ledgewood Bay Assisted Living | Milford | New Hampshire | 03055 | United States |
| Virtual Reality |
Weekly activities using virtual reality (Rendever) Virtual Reality: Older adults engage in four 20-minute virtual reality activities (via the Rendever platform) with their adult child each week for 4 consecutive weeks. The 4 sessions include immersive virtual adventures (e.g., bucket list travel) and reminiscence activities (e.g., virtual life story). Adult children participate remotely from their own homes. |
| Baseline Assessment |
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| Started Intervention |
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| Completed Intervention |
|
| Completed Post-Intervention Assessment |
|
| 1-Month Follow-up Assessment |
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| 3-Month Follow-Assessment |
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| COMPLETED |
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| NOT COMPLETED |
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A total of 186 dyads (372 individuals) enrolled and completed a brief intake survey on demographics and health. Of these, 96 dyads (N=193) were assigned to the Video Chat arm and 90 (N=180) to the Virtual Reality arm. The intake survey was completed at enrollment; the full baseline survey occurred later, after some dyads withdrew. Thus, the number of baseline cases may vary slightly depending on the source of the variable being reported (intake vs. full baseline survey).
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Video Chat | Weekly activities using video conference (Zoom) Video Chat: Older adults (residents of senior living communities) engage in four 20-minute video chat sessions (via the Zoom platform) with their adult child each week for 4 consecutive weeks. Adult children participate remotely from their own homes. |
| BG001 | Virtual Reality | Weekly activities using virtual reality (Rendever) Virtual Reality: Older adults (residents of senior living communities) engage in four 20-minute virtual reality activities (via the Rendever platform) with their adult child each week for 4 consecutive weeks. The 4 sessions include immersive virtual adventures (e.g., bucket list travel) and reminiscence activities (e.g., virtual life story). Adult children participate remotely from their own homes. |
| BG002 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
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| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | 186 dyads completed demographic information in the "intake" survey (186 older adults and 186 adult children). | Mean | Standard Deviation | years |
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| Sex: Female, Male | 186 dyads completed demographic information in the "intake" survey (186 older adults and 186 adult children). | Count of Participants | Participants | No |
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| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) | 186 dyads completed demographic information in the "intake" survey (186 older adults and 186 adult children). | Count of Participants | Participants | No |
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| Race (NIH/OMB) | 186 dyads completed demographic information in the "intake" survey (186 older adults and 186 adult children). | Count of Participants | Participants | No |
| ||||||||||||||
| Region of Enrollment | This table shows the region of enrollment for all individuals in the study (rather than dyads) because dyad members did not necessarily reside in the same location. All older adults were enrolled and participated in the U.S.; eight adult children participated remotely from outside the U.S. | Number | participants |
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| Cognitive Group (MCI/ADRD) - Older adults | Level of cognitive impairment was assessed only for older adult participants (not for adult children). MCI = Mild cognitive impairment. ADRD = mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease or related dementia. | Cognitive group (MCI/ADRD) was assessed only for the older adult member of each dyad. | Count of Participants | Participants | No |
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| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Quality of Life in Alzheimer's Disease (QOL-AD) - Changes From Baseline (Older Adult) | QOL-AD (R.G. Logsdon, 1996) is a 13-item self-report measure of quality of life (completed by older adult participants). (As a secondary outcome, adult children also reported on their parents' quality of life). Items are rated on a 4-point scale: 1 = Poor, 2 = Fair, 3 = Good, 4 = Excellent. The total score is the mean of all items (range: 1 to 4). Higher scores indicate greater quality of life. | Some participants withdrew from the study after the T1 (baseline) assessment. Several others remained in the study but failed to complete the T2 (post-intervention) assessment. Primary aims focus on changes from T1 (Baseline) to T2 (1-week Post-Intervention). T3 and T4 are exploratory and not presented here. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | T1 (baseline, 1-week pre-intervention), T2 (1-week post-intervention), T3 (1-month post-intervention), T4 (3-months post-intervention) |
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| Primary | Brief Inventory of Thriving (BIT) - Changes From Baseline (Older Adult) | An 11-item measure of thriving adapted from the Brief Inventory of Thriving (BIT) and the Comprehensive Inventory of Thriving (CIT; Su, R., Tay, L., & Diener, E., 2014). This measure provides a holistic view of positive functioning (completed by older adults and adult children). Items are rated on a 5-point scale: 1 = Strongly Disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Neither Agree nor Disagree, 4 = Agree, 5 = Strongly Agree. The total score is the average of the 11 items (range: 1 to 5). Higher scores indicate a greater sense of thriving. | Some participants withdrew from the study after the T1 (baseline) assessment. Several others remained in the study but failed to complete the T2 (post-intervention) assessment. Primary aims focus on changes from T1 (Baseline) to T2 (1-week Post-Intervention). T3 and T4 are exploratory and not presented here. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | T1 (baseline, 1-week pre-intervention), T2 (1-week post-intervention), T3 (1-month post-intervention), T4 (3-months post-intervention) |
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| Primary | Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) - Changes From Baseline (Older Adult) | This scale includes 12 items from the longer PANAS (Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988), which measures two primary dimensions of mood. (Completed by older adults and adult children.) Participants rate the extent to which they experienced positive and negative emotions over the past week. Each item is rated on a 5-point scale: 1 = Not at all, 2 = A little, 3 = Moderately, 4 = Quite a lot, 5 = Extremely. Separate subscale scores are calculated for positive emotion (6 items) and negative emotion (6 items) by averaging responses within each set (range: 1 to 5). Higher scores on the positive emotion subscale reflect greater positive mood during the past week, indicating better well-being. Higher scores on the negative emotion subscale reflect greater negative mood, indicating poorer well-being. | Some participants withdrew from the study after the T1 (baseline) assessment. Several others remained in the study but failed to complete the T2 (post-intervention) assessment. Primary aims focus on changes from T1 (Baseline) to T2 (1-week Post-Intervention). T3 and T4 are exploratory and not presented here. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | T1 (baseline, 1-week pre-intervention), T2 (1-week post-intervention), T3 (1-month post-intervention), T4 (3-months post-intervention) |
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| Primary | Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) - Changes From Baseline (Older Adult) | GDS (Sheikh, J.I., & Yesavage, J.A., 1986) is a 15-item self-report measure of depression (completed by older adult participants). Items are rated "Yes" or "No" and are scored "1" if the response reflects depressive symptoms. Total score is the sum of all items (range: 0 to 15). Higher scores indicate greater depression. | Some participants withdrew from the study after the T1 (baseline) assessment or remained in the study but failed to complete the T2 (post-intervention) assessment. Primary aims focus on changes from T1 (Baseline) to T2 (1-week Post-Intervention). T3 and T4 are exploratory and not presented here. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | T1 (baseline, 1-week pre-intervention), T2 (1-week post-intervention), T3 (1-month post-intervention), T4 (3-months post-intervention) |
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| Primary | Mental Health Inventory (MHI) - Changes From Baseline (Older Adult) | The MHI includes 5 items from the longer MHI (McHorney, Ware, & Raczek, 1993) to assess depression, anxiety, and vitality during the past week (completed by older adults and adult children). Items are rated on a 6-point scale: 1= None of the time, 2= A little of the time, 3 = Some of the time, 4 = A good bit of the time, 5 = Most of the time, 6 = All of the time. The total score is the average of all 8 items, some reverse-scored (range: 1 to 6). Higher scores indicate better mental health. | Some participants withdrew from the study after the T1 (baseline) assessment. Several others remained in the study but failed to complete the T2 (post-intervention) assessment. Primary aims focus on changes from T1 (Baseline) to T2 (1-week Post-Intervention). T3 and T4 are exploratory and not presented here. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | T1 (baseline, 1-week pre-intervention), T2 (1-week post-intervention), T3 (1-month post-intervention), T4 (3-months post-intervention) |
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| Primary | Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale (Short Form) - Changes From Baseline (Older Adult) | The short form of the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale (Hughes, Waite, Hawkley, & Cacioppo, 2008) is a 4-item scale widely used in field research with older adults, and adapted from the original scale (Russell D, Peplau LA, Cutrona CE, 1980). Items are rated on a 4-point scale: 1 = Never, 2 = Rarely, 3 = Sometimes, 4 = Often. The total score is the mean of the 4 items (range: 1 to 4). Higher scores indicate greater loneliness. | Some participants withdrew from the study after the T1 (baseline) assessment. Several others remained in the study but failed to complete the T2 (post-intervention) assessment. Primary aims focus on changes from T1 (Baseline) to T2 (1-week Post-Intervention). T3 and T4 are exploratory and not presented here. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | T1 (baseline, 1-week pre-intervention), T2 (1-week post-intervention), T3 (1-month post-intervention), T4 (3-months post-intervention) |
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| Primary | Unidimensional Relationship Closeness Scale - Changes From Baseline (Older Adult) | Relationship closeness is assessed with 4 items from the Unidimensional Relationship Closeness Scale (Dibble, Levine, & Park, 2011). (Completed by older adults and adult children). Items are rated on a 7-point scale: 1 = Strongly disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Somewhat disagree, 4 = Neutral, 5 = Somewhat agree, 6 = Agree, 7 = Strong Agree. The total score is the average of the 4 items (range: 1 to 7). Higher scores indicate greater relationship closeness. | Some participants withdrew from the study after the T1 (baseline) assessment. Several others remained in the study but failed to complete the T2 (post-intervention) assessment. Primary aims focus on changes from T1 (Baseline) to T2 (1-week Post-Intervention). T3 and T4 are exploratory and not presented here. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | T1 (baseline, 1-week pre-intervention), T2 (1-week post-intervention), T3 (1-month post-intervention), T4 (3-months post-intervention) |
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| Primary | Relationship Satisfaction - Changes From Baseline (Older Adult) | Global relationship satisfaction is assessed with 3 items adapted from Huston et al.'s (1986) relationship satisfaction scale (completed by older adults and adult children). Items are rated on a 6-point scale: 1 = Not at all, 2 = A little, 3 = Somewhat, 4 = Very, 5 = Almost completely, 6 = Completely. Total scores are the average of the 3 items (range: 1 to 6). Higher scores indicate greater relationship satisfaction. | Some participants withdrew from the study after the T1 (baseline) assessment. Several others remained in the study but failed to complete the T2 (post-intervention) assessment. Primary aims focus on changes from T1 (Baseline) to T2 (1-week Post-Intervention). T3 and T4 are exploratory and not presented here. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | T1 (baseline, 1-week pre-intervention), T2 (1-week post-intervention), T3 (1-month post-intervention), T4 (3-months post-intervention) |
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| Primary | Communal Coping - Changes From Baseline (Older Adult) | Communal coping is assessed with 3 items reflecting feelings of unity when combatting stress (Afifi et al., 2019). (Completed by older adults and adult children.) Items are rated on a 5-point scale: 1 = Strongly disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Neutral, 4 = Agree, 5 = Strongly agree. The total score is the average of the 3 items (range: 1 to 5). Higher scores indicate a greater sense of communal coping. | Some participants withdrew from the study after the T1 (baseline) assessment. Several others remained in the study but failed to complete the T2 (post-intervention) assessment. Primary aims focus on changes from T1 (Baseline) to T2 (1-week Post-Intervention). T3 and T4 are exploratory and not presented here. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | T1 (baseline, 1-week pre-intervention), T2 (1-week post-intervention), T3 (1-month post-intervention), T4 (3-months post-intervention) |
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| Primary | Brief Inventory of Thriving (BIT) - Changes From Baseline (Adult Child) | An 11-item measure of thriving adapted from the Brief Inventory of Thriving (BIT) and the Comprehensive Inventory of Thriving (CIT; Su, R., Tay, L., & Diener, E., 2014). This measure provides a holistic view of positive functioning (completed by older adults and adult children). Items are rated on a 5-point scale: 1 = Strongly Disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Neither Agree nor Disagree, 4 = Agree, 5 = Strongly Agree. The total score is the average of the 11 items (range: 1 to 5). Higher scores indicate a greater sense of thriving. | Some participants withdrew from the study after the T1 (baseline) assessment. Several others remained in the study but failed to complete the T2 (post-intervention) assessment. Primary aims focus on changes from T1 (Baseline) to T2 (1-week Post-Intervention). T3 and T4 are exploratory and not presented here. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | T1 (baseline, 1-week pre-intervention), T2 (1-week post-intervention), T3 (1-month post-intervention), T4 (3-months post-intervention) |
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| Primary | Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale Revised Short Form (CESD-R-10) - Changes From Baseline (Adult Child) | The CESD-R-10 (Björgvinsson, Kertz, Bigda-Peyton, McCoy, Aderka,2013) is a 10-item measure of depressive symptoms adapted from the longer CESD (completed by adult children). Participants are asked to report how they felt during the past week. Items are rated on a 4-point scale: 0 = Rarely or none of the time, 1 = Some or a little of the time, 2 = Occasionally or a moderate amount of the time, 3 = Most or all of the time. The total score is the mean of the 10 items, some reverse-scored (range: 0 to 3). Higher scores reflect more depressive symptoms, worse mental health. | Some participants withdrew from the study after the T1 (baseline) assessment. Several others remained in the study but failed to complete the T2 (post-intervention) assessment. Primary aims focus on changes from T1 (Baseline) to T2 (1-week Post-Intervention). T3 and T4 are exploratory and not presented here. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | T1 (baseline, 1-week pre-intervention), T2 (1-week post-intervention), T3 (1-month post-intervention), T4 (3-months post-intervention) |
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| Primary | Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) - Changes From Baseline (Adult Child) | This scale includes 12 items from the longer PANAS (Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988), which measures two primary dimensions of mood. (Completed by older adults and adult children.) Participants rate the extent to which they experienced positive and negative emotions over the past week. Each item is rated on a 5-point scale: 1 = Not at all, 2 = A little, 3 = Moderately, 4 = Quite a lot, 5 = Extremely. Separate subscale scores are calculated for positive emotion (6 items) and negative emotion (6 items) by averaging responses within each set (range: 1 to 5). Higher scores on the positive emotion subscale reflect greater positive mood during the past week, indicating better well-being. Higher scores on the negative emotion subscale reflect greater negative mood, indicating poorer well-being. | Some participants withdrew from the study after the T1 (baseline) assessment. Several others remained in the study but failed to complete the T2 (post-intervention) assessment. Primary aims focus on changes from T1 (Baseline) to T2 (1-week Post-Intervention). T3 and T4 are exploratory and not presented here. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | T1 (baseline, 1-week pre-intervention), T2 (1-week post-intervention), T3 (1-month post-intervention), T4 (3-months post-intervention) |
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| Primary | Mental Health Inventory (MHI) - Changes From Baseline (Adult Child) | The MHI includes 5 items from the longer MHI (McHorney, Ware, & Raczek, 1993) to assess depression, anxiety, and vitality during the past week (completed by older adults and adult children). Items are rated on a 6-point scale: 1 = None of the time, 2 = A little of the time, 3 = Some of the time, 4 = A good bit of the time, 5 = Most of the time, 6 = All of the time. The total score is the average of all 8 items, some reverse-scored (range: 1 to 6). Higher scores indicate better mental health. | Some participants withdrew from the study after the T1 (baseline) assessment. Several others remained in the study but failed to complete the T2 (post-intervention) assessment. Primary aims focus on changes from T1 (Baseline) to T2 (1-week Post-Intervention). T3 and T4 are exploratory and not presented here. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | T1 (baseline, 1-week pre-intervention), T2 (1-week post-intervention), T3 (1-month post-intervention), T4 (3-months post-intervention) |
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| Primary | Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) - Changes From Baseline (Adult Child) | The PSS short form (completed by adult children) is a 4-item scale adapted from the longer PSS (Cohen, Kamarck, & Mermelstein, 1983). Items are rated on a 5-point scale: 1 = Never, 2 = Almost never, 3 = Sometimes, 4 = Fairly often, 5 = Very often. The total score is the average of the 4 items, some reverse-scored (range: 1 to 5). Higher scores indicate greater perceived stress. | Some participants withdrew from the study after the T1 (baseline) assessment. Several others remained in the study but failed to complete the T2 (post-intervention) assessment. Primary aims focus on changes from T1 (Baseline) to T2 (1-week Post-Intervention). T3 and T4 are exploratory and not presented here. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | T1 (baseline, 1-week pre-intervention), T2 (1-week post-intervention), T3 (1-month post-intervention), T4 (3-months post-intervention) |
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| Primary | Caregiver Guilt/Grief Scale - Changes From Baseline (Adult Child) | This scale (completed by adult children) includes 13 items adapted from the caregiver guilt and grief scales (Wells, Jorm, Jordan, & Lefroy, 1990). Items are rated on a 5-point scale: 1= Not at all, 2 = A little, 3 = A moderate amount, 4 = A lot, 5 = Almost unbearably. The total score is the average of the 13 items (range: 1 to 5). Higher scores indicate greater caregiver guilt/grief. | Some participants withdrew from the study after the T1 (baseline) assessment. Several others remained in the study but failed to complete the T2 (post-intervention) assessment. Primary aims focus on changes from T1 (Baseline) to T2 (1-week Post-Intervention). T3 and T4 are exploratory and not presented here. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | T1 (baseline, 1-week pre-intervention), T2 (1-week post-intervention), T3 (1-month post-intervention), T4 (3-months post-intervention) |
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| Primary | Relational Burnout/Load Scale - Changes From Baseline (Adult Child) | Relational burnout/load is assessed with 6 items from the Relational Load Scale (Afifi et al., 2019). (Completed by adult children.) Items are rated on a 5-point scale: 1 = Strongly disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Neutral, 4 = Agree, 5 = Strongly agree. The total score is the average of the 6 items, some reverse-scored (range: 1 to 5). Higher scores indicate a greater sense of relational load/burnout. | Some participants withdrew from the study after the T1 (baseline) assessment. Several others remained in the study but failed to complete the T2 (post-intervention) assessment. Primary aims focus on changes from T1 (Baseline) to T2 (1-week Post-Intervention). T3 and T4 are exploratory and not presented here. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | T1 (baseline, 1-week pre-intervention), T2 (1-week post-intervention), T3 (1-month post-intervention), T4 (3-months post-intervention) |
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| Primary | Unidimensional Relationship Closeness Scale - Changes From Baseline (Adult Child) | Relationship closeness is assessed with 4 items from the Unidimensional Relationship Closeness Scale (Dibble, Levine, & Park, 2011). (Completed by older adults and adult children.) Items are rated on a 7-point scale: 1 = Strongly disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Somewhat disagree, 4 = Neutral, 5 = Somewhat agree, 6 = Agree, 7 = Strong Agree. The total score is the average of the 4 items (range: 1 to 7). Higher scores indicate greater relationship closeness. | Some participants withdrew from the study after the T1 (baseline) assessment. Several others remained in the study but failed to complete the T2 (post-intervention) assessment. Primary aims focus on changes from T1 (Baseline) to T2 (1-week Post-Intervention). T3 and T4 are exploratory and not presented here. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | T1 (baseline, 1-week pre-intervention), T2 (1-week post-intervention), T3 (1-month post-intervention), T4 (3-months post-intervention) |
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| Primary | Relationship Satisfaction - Changes From Baseline (Adult Child) | Global relationship satisfaction is assessed with 3 items adapted from Huston et al.'s (1986) relationship satisfaction scale (completed by older adults and adult children). Items are rated on a 6-point scale: 1 = Not at all, 2 = A little, 3 = Somewhat, 4 = Very, 5 = Almost completely, 6 = Completely. The total score is the average of the 3 items (range: 1 to 6). Higher scores indicate greater relationship satisfaction. | Some participants withdrew from the study after the T1 (baseline) assessment. Several others remained in the study but failed to complete the T2 (post-intervention) assessment. Primary aims focus on changes from T1 (Baseline) to T2 (1-week Post-Intervention). T3 and T4 are exploratory and not presented here. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | T1 (baseline, 1-week pre-intervention), T2 (1-week post-intervention), T3 (1-month post-intervention), T4 (3-months post-intervention) |
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| Primary | Communal Coping - Changes From Baseline (Adult Child) | Communal coping is assessed with 3 items reflecting feelings of unity when combatting stress (Afifi et al., 2019). (Completed by older adults and adult children.) Items are rated on a 5-point scale: 1 = Strongly disagree, 2 = Disagree, 3 = Neutral, 4 = Agree, 5 = Strongly agree. The total score is the average of the 3 items (range: 1 to 5). Higher scores indicate a greater sense of communal coping. | Some participants withdrew from the study after the T1 (baseline) assessment. Several others remained in the study but failed to complete the T2 (post-intervention) assessment. Primary aims focus on changes from T1 (Baseline) to T2 (1-week Post-Intervention). T3 and T4 are exploratory and not presented here. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score on a scale | T1 (baseline, 1-week pre-intervention), T2 (1-week post-intervention), T3 (1-month post-intervention), T4 (3-months post-intervention) |
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| Secondary | Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) - Technology Sessions | Positive and negative emotions experienced during the technology session (older adult and adult child). Rated on a scale from 1 to 5, and separate indexes are computed for positive emotion and negative emotion. Higher scores represent greater positive and negative emotion. Scores will be averaged across the intervention period (4 weeks) for overall measures of positive/negative affect experienced during the intervention. Higher positive emotion and lower negative emotion indicate a more favorable response during the technology session. | Not Posted | Sep 2025 | Immediately after each of the 4 technology sessions during the intervention (one week apart) | Participants | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary | Social and Conversational Engagement - Technology Sessions | Social and conversational engagement during the technology sessions will be evaluated using items developed specifically for this study, based on findings from a pilot study. Higher scores indicate greater engagement. Engagement scores will be averaged over the four-week intervention period to generate an overall engagement measure. In addition to self-reports, objective coders will analyze video and audio recordings of the sessions to assess conversational and emotional engagement. Kinesic (physical) engagement of the older adult will be evaluated both by trained raters and an automated computer program. | Not Posted | Sep 2025 | Immediately after each of the 4 technology sessions during the intervention (one week apart) | Participants | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary | Relationship Satisfaction and Communication Quality - Technology Sessions | Multiple items designed to assess features of relationship quality (older adult and adult child). Higher scores represent greater satisfaction and communication quality. Scores will be averaged across the intervention period (4 weeks) for an overall score of relationship satisfaction and communication quality during the technology sessions, during the intervention period. | Not Posted | Sep 2025 | Immediately after each of the 4 technology sessions during the intervention (one week apart) | Participants | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary | Telepresence and Copresence - Technology Session | Rating of engagement and immersion during the technology session (older adult and adult child). Items were written for this project based on a pilot study. Higher scores represent greater telepresence and co-presence. Due to time limitations, this measure is completed only during the first technology session. | Not Posted | Sep 2025 | Measured after the first technology session (Week 1 of the intervention) | Participants |
4 months (participant enrollment through 3-month follow-up)
All-Cause Mortality, Serious Adverse Events, and Other Adverse Events were reported for older adult participants. All-cause Mortality, Serious Adverse Events, and Other Adverse Events were not monitored/assessed in adult child participants.
Not provided
| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Video Chat | Weekly activities using video conference (Zoom) Video Chat (Active Control): Older adults (residents of senior living communities) engage in four 20-minute video chat sessions (via the Zoom platform) with their adult child each week for 4 consecutive weeks. Adult children participate remotely from their own homes. | 2 | 96 | 0 | 96 | 3 | 96 |
| EG001 | Virtual Reality | Weekly activities using virtual reality (Rendever) Virtual Reality: Older adults (residents of senior living communities) engage in four 20-minute virtual reality activities (via the Rendever platform) with their adult child each week for 4 consecutive weeks. The 4 sessions include immersive virtual adventures (e.g., bucket list travel) and reminiscence activities (e.g., virtual life story). Adult children participate remotely from their own homes. | 2 | 90 | 0 | 90 | 2 | 90 |
Not provided
| Term | Organ System | Source Vocabulary | Assessment Type | Notes | Statistical Information |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hospitalization | General disorders | Non-systematic Assessment | Hospitalization due to unspecified illness or fall |
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Not provided
Not provided
| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dr. Nancy Collins | University of California Santa Barbara | 805-568-0042 | ncollins@ucsb.edu |
| Jun 25, 2025 |
| Prot_SAP_006.pdf |
| ICF | No | No | Yes | Informed Consent Form: Informed Consent for Older Adult (Resident) | Oct 10, 2023 | Jun 22, 2025 | ICF_007.pdf |
| ICF | No | No | Yes | Informed Consent Form: Informed Consent for Adult Child (Family Member) | Oct 10, 2023 | Jun 22, 2025 | ICF_008.pdf |
| ICF | No | No | Yes | Informed Consent Form: Informed Consent for Legal Representative | Oct 10, 2023 | Jun 22, 2025 | ICF_009.pdf |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000544 | Alzheimer Disease |
| D003704 | Dementia |
| D000084802 | Caregiver Burden |
| D060825 | Cognitive Dysfunction |
| D000092862 | Psychological Well-Being |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001927 | Brain Diseases |
| D002493 | Central Nervous System Diseases |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D024801 | Tauopathies |
| D019636 | Neurodegenerative Diseases |
| D019965 | Neurocognitive Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
| D013315 | Stress, Psychological |
| D001526 | Behavioral Symptoms |
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D003072 | Cognition Disorders |
| D010549 | Personal Satisfaction |
Not provided
Not provided
| Adult Children |
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| Adult Children |
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| Adult Children |
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| Adult Children |
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| Australia |
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| Canada |
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| Colombia |
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| Denmark |
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| Germany |
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| Saudi Arabia |
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| Switzerland |
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| T2 (Post-Intervention) |
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| OG002 | ADRD Group/Video Chat | Tech Condition = Video Chat (Zoom) Cognitive group = Older adults with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease or related dementia (ADRD) |
| OG003 | ADRD Group/Virtual Reality | Tech Condition = Virtual Reality (Rendever) Cognitive Group = Older adults with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease or related dementia (ADRD) |
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Tech Condition = Virtual Reality (Rendever) Cognitive Group = Older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) |
| OG002 | ADRD Group/Video Chat | Tech Condition = Video Chat (Zoom) Cognitive group = Older adults with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease or related dementia (ADRD) |
| OG003 | ADRD Group/Virtual Reality | Tech Condition = Virtual Reality (Rendever) Cognitive Group = Older adults with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease or related dementia (ADRD) |
|
|
Tech Condition = Video Chat (Zoom) Cognitive group = Older adults with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease or related dementia (ADRD)
| OG003 | ADRD Group/Virtual Reality | Tech Condition = Virtual Reality (Rendever) Cognitive Group = Older adults with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease or related dementia (ADRD) |
|
|
| OG002 |
| ADRD Group/Video Chat |
Tech Condition = Video Chat (Zoom) Cognitive group = Older adults with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease or related dementia (ADRD) |
| OG003 | ADRD Group/Virtual Reality | Tech Condition = Virtual Reality (Rendever) Cognitive Group = Older adults with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease or related dementia (ADRD) |
|
|
| ADRD Group/Video Chat |
Tech Condition = Video Chat (Zoom) Cognitive group = Older adults with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease or related dementia (ADRD) |
| OG003 | ADRD Group/Virtual Reality | Tech Condition = Virtual Reality (Rendever) Cognitive Group = Older adults with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease or related dementia (ADRD) |
|
|
| ADRD Group/Video Chat |
Tech Condition = Video Chat (Zoom) Cognitive group = Older adults with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease or related dementia (ADRD) |
| OG003 | ADRD Group/Virtual Reality | Tech Condition = Virtual Reality (Rendever) Cognitive Group = Older adults with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease or related dementia (ADRD) |
|
|
Tech Condition = Video Chat (Zoom) Cognitive group = Older adults with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease or related dementia (ADRD) |
| OG003 | ADRD Group/Virtual Reality | Tech Condition = Virtual Reality (Rendever) Cognitive Group = Older adults with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease or related dementia (ADRD) |
|
|
Tech Condition = Video Chat (Zoom) Cognitive group = Older adults with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease or related dementia (ADRD) |
| OG003 | ADRD Group/Virtual Reality | Tech Condition = Virtual Reality (Rendever) Cognitive Group = Older adults with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease or related dementia (ADRD) |
|
|
| OG002 | ADRD Group/Video Chat | Tech Condition = Video Chat (Zoom) Cognitive group = Older adults with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease or related dementia (ADRD) |
| OG003 | ADRD Group/Virtual Reality | Tech Condition = Virtual Reality (Rendever) Cognitive Group = Older adults with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease or related dementia (ADRD) |
|
|
| OG002 | ADRD Group/Video Chat | Tech Condition = Video Chat (Zoom) Cognitive group = Older adults with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease or related dementia (ADRD) |
| OG003 | ADRD Group/Virtual Reality | Tech Condition = Virtual Reality (Rendever) Cognitive Group = Older adults with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease or related dementia (ADRD) |
|
|
Tech Condition = Virtual Reality (Rendever) Cognitive Group = Older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) |
| OG002 | ADRD Group/Video Chat | Tech Condition = Video Chat (Zoom) Cognitive group = Older adults with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease or related dementia (ADRD) |
| OG003 | ADRD Group/Virtual Reality | Tech Condition = Virtual Reality (Rendever) Cognitive Group = Older adults with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease or related dementia (ADRD) |
|
|
| OG002 |
| ADRD Group/Video Chat |
Tech Condition = Video Chat (Zoom) Cognitive group = Older adults with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease or related dementia (ADRD) |
| OG003 | ADRD Group/Virtual Reality | Tech Condition = Virtual Reality (Rendever) Cognitive Group = Older adults with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease or related dementia (ADRD) |
|
|
Tech Condition = Video Chat (Zoom) Cognitive group = Older adults with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease or related dementia (ADRD) |
| OG003 | ADRD Group/Virtual Reality | Tech Condition = Virtual Reality (Rendever) Cognitive Group = Older adults with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease or related dementia (ADRD) |
|
|
Tech Condition = Video Chat (Zoom) Cognitive group = Older adults with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease or related dementia (ADRD) |
| OG003 | ADRD Group/Virtual Reality | Tech Condition = Virtual Reality (Rendever) Cognitive Group = Older adults with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease or related dementia (ADRD) |
|
|
Tech Condition = Video Chat (Zoom) Cognitive group = Older adults with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease or related dementia (ADRD) |
| OG003 | ADRD Group/Virtual Reality | Tech Condition = Virtual Reality (Rendever) Cognitive Group = Older adults with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease or related dementia (ADRD) |
|
|
| ADRD Group/Video Chat |
Tech Condition = Video Chat (Zoom) Cognitive group = Older adults with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease or related dementia (ADRD) |
| OG003 | ADRD Group/Virtual Reality | Tech Condition = Virtual Reality (Rendever) Cognitive Group = Older adults with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease or related dementia (ADRD) |
|
|
Tech Condition = Video Chat (Zoom) Cognitive group = Older adults with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease or related dementia (ADRD) |
| OG003 | ADRD Group/Virtual Reality | Tech Condition = Virtual Reality (Rendever) Cognitive Group = Older adults with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease or related dementia (ADRD) |
|
|
Tech Condition = Video Chat (Zoom) Cognitive group = Older adults with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease or related dementia (ADRD) |
| OG003 | ADRD Group/Virtual Reality | Tech Condition = Virtual Reality (Rendever) Cognitive Group = Older adults with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease or related dementia (ADRD) |
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