This is a prospective multicenter randomized control trial to assess percentage mask leak six months post instructor led positive pressure ventilation skills training in providers who undergo booster training compared to those who do not undergo any booster training

Baseline positive pressure ventilation skill assessment of all study participants: Site principal investigators will recruit eligible providers for the trial. Participants will fill out study enrollment sheet which will ask for 1. Demographic information 2. Profession 3. Experience (number of times positive pressure ventilation performed on a newborn in the last 6 months) 4. Last time Neonatal Resuscitation Program course attended and 5. Institution. Participants will perform 1 minute of positive pressure ventilation on the cart. During this baseline assessment, there is no audio-visual feedback or display. The cart will record data on mask leak, pressure used, ventilation rate, head positioning.

Pre-randomization Standardized Instructor Led Skills Training: All study participants will undergo the standard instructor-led positive pressure ventilation skills training. Each site will have a designated study instructor who will remain blinded to the baseline positive pressure ventilation skill assessment data. Study instructors will use a standardized script as a guide for the instructor led positive pressure ventilation skills training. This training will occur with the same manikin and equipment as the one available at the cart. This training will decrease the impact of variability in prior training received by the study participants.

Post- Instructor led positive pressure ventilation skills training Assessment: Immediately after the instructor led training, participants will perform 1-minute positive pressure ventilation on the cart. This will also be a blinded assessment without any display or feedback. Comparison of pre- and post- instructor led training assessments will provide unique data to evaluate if instructor led training changes the positive pressure ventilation skills.

Randomization with minimization procedure: Randomization will be provided by a secure website using the computer-generated randomization and the minimization procedure. The goal of the minimization procedure is to prevent an imbalance of factors that may influence positive pressure ventilation skill retention. Factors that will be taken into account during minimization procedure are

1. PPV skill proficiency during baseline pre-instructor led training assessment: Based on the pre-training skill assessment, each participant will be coded as a Group A [Proficient] or Group B [not proficient]. Participants will be considered proficient if participants are able to achieve low mask leak (< 30%) on >80% of ventilations provided. Only study Principal investigator and research nurse will have access to this data. 2. Profession 3. Experience (number of times positive pressure ventilation performed on a newborn in the last 6 months) 4. Last time NRP course attended and 5. Institution. Based on this information, the randomization website will assign them to the intervention (booster training) or control group (no booster training) with 1:1 allocation.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Any Neonatal Resuscitation Program-card carrying provider at the participating sites (University of Texas Southwestern, Stanford University and St. Louis University).

Exclusion Criteria:

• Novice providers, who have never taken an Neonatal Resuscitation Program course, will be excluded as participant may not be familiar with the equipment to initiate positive pressure ventilation skills without a face-to-face interaction with an instructor